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Thursday, April 23, 2020

Overview of Electronic Commerce free essay sample

Electronic commerce is the process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information via computer networks. E-business is a broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners and conducting electronic transactions within an organization. 2. Distinguish between pure and partial EC. Companies utilizing pure EC conduct all of their business online. Businesses utilizing partial EC conduct a portion of their business online and a portion of their business off-line. 3. Define click-and-mortar organizations. These are organizations that conduct e-commerce activities, but do their primary business in the physical world. 4. Define electronic markets, IOSs, and intraorganizational information systems. Electronic market – An online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, services, money or information. IOSs – Communication systems that allow routine transaction processing and information flow between two or more organizations. Intraorganizational information systems – Communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go on within individual organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Overview of Electronic Commerce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Section 1. 2 Review Questions . List the major components of the EC framework. The EC framework is made up of the following components: people, the public policy, technical standards and protocols, business partners and support services. 2. List the major transactional types of EC. The major transactional types of EC include: business-to-business, business-to-consumer, business-to-business-to-consumer, consumer-to-business, consumer-to-consumer, mobile commerce, intrabusiness EC, business-to-employee, collaborative commerce, nonbusiness EC, electronic government and exchange-to-exchange. 3. Describe the major landmarks in EC history. The major landmarks in EC history began with the use of EDI to transmit business information. This was followed by a wide public acceptance of the Internet. The next major landmark was the development of several early electronic commerce sites online and the growth of the new economy. Another major landmark is the winding down of many of these new economy businesses. 4. List some EC successes and failures. Student answers will vary. Section 1. 3 Review Questions 1. Define a business plan, business case, and business model. A business plan is a written document that identifies the business goals and outlines the plan to achieve them. A business case is a written document that is used by managers to gather funding for specific applications for projects; its major emphasis is the justification for specific investment. A business model is a method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself. 2. Describe a revenue model and a value proposition. Revenue model – Description of how the company or an EC project will earn money. Value Proposition – The benefits a company can derive from using EC. 3. Describe the following business models: name your own price, affiliate marketing, viral marketing, and product customization. Name your own price – reverse auction where bidders submit prices they would pay, and the system attempts to match those prices with merchants Affiliate marketing – One firm helps advertise for another and takes a commission on sales from referrals Viral marketing – Word of mouth marketing Product customization – creating products based on individual needs 4. Identify business models related to buying and those related to selling. Some business models related to buying include: electronic tendering systems, find the best price, group purchasing and supply chain improvements. Some business models related to selling include: online direct marketing, name your own price, affiliate marketing, buyer marketing, online auctions, product and service customization, electronic marketplaces and exchanges and supply chain improvements. 5. Describe how a linear supply chain can be changed to a hub. By allowing all members and levels of the supply chain to interact directly with a central hub (private or third-party), members can more easily communicate back and forth while improving and streamlining their overall processes. Section 1. 4 Review Questions . Describe some EC benefits to organizations, individuals, and society. EC benefits consumers by providing them convenience, speed, cost, customization, personalization and communities. EC benefits organizations by expanding the marketplace, creating a cost savings, improving business processes and promoting interactivity. EC benefits society by improving the standard of living and delivery of public services. 2. List the major technological and non-technological limitations of EC. These limitations are summarized in Exhibit 1. 5. Section 1. 5 Review Questions . Define the digital economy. A digital economy is an economy that is based on digital technologies, including digital communication networks, computers, software, and other related information technologies. It may also be called the Internet economy, the new economy, or the Web economy. 2. List the three characteristics of the digital revolution cited by Choi and Whinston. These characteristics include: a wide variety of digitized products, financial transactions being conducted digitally, and microprocessors and network capabilities embedded in physical goods. . List the major business pressures faced by organizations today. The major business pressures faced by organizations can be divided into markets, societal and technological categories. 4 . List the major organizational responses to business pressures. Organizations respond to business pressures by using: strategic systems, continuous improvement systems, business alliances, electronic markets, increased efficiencies, employee empowerment, supply chain improvements, and mass customization. 5. Describe how EC supports organization responses to business pressures. EC, and technology in general, provide organizations with ways to operate their businesses more efficiently by providing services and functions that in the past have been performed by employees at less than optimum efficiencies. Section 1. 6 Review Questions 1. Define intranets and extranets. An intranet is an internal corporate or government network that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet protocols. An extranet is a network that uses the Internet to connect multiple intranets. 2. What is a corporate portal? A corporate portal is a major gateway through which employees, business partners and the public can enter a corporate Web site. 3. Identify EC transaction models (e. g. , B2B) in Exhibit 1. 9 (page 27). These would include: ? Selling online ? Selling digital goods ? Online auctions ? Reverse Auctions ? Supply chains Answers to EC Application Case Questions EC Application Case 1. 1: Voice-Based 511 Traveler Information Line Questions 1. Enter tellme. com and find more information about this case. Summarize the benefits to the users. Student answers will vary. Users obtain a number of benefits, but the largest is the ability to quickly and easily access travel information from a single number. 2. What is the role of Tellme? What Internet technology is used? Tellme is the technology provider that uses a voice portal to access a number of Web sites and databases. 3. Can this application be classified as m-commerce? As l-commerce? Why or why not? This application is m-commerce since it is accessed with a mobile device. It is not l-commerce, since no location sensors (GPS) are used. EC Application Case 1. : The Success Story of Campusfood. com Questions 1. Classify this application by EC transaction type. This is a hybrid business model combining B2B and B2C elements. The business acts as an intermediary to other businesses (restaurants) and then resells these products to students (food). This business could be described as B2B2C. 2. Explain the benefits of Campusfood. com for its students and for the restaurants it represents. Both parties re ceived benefits from this relationship. Campusfood. com is able to create a market and revenue by reselling restaurants’ food to students. The greater variety of restaurants that they represent, the better possible market for students (and thus higher revenues). Restaurants benefits from the additional marketing and sales volume generated by Campusfood. com 3. Trace the flow of digitized information in this venture. Campusfood. com receives restaurant menus and enters them into their EC site. Consumers view this information on the Internet and place electronic orders to Campusfood. com. The orders are then forwarded digitally to the restaurant. 4. How does the outsourcing of marketing activities contribute to the business? By outsourcing marketing activities, the business is able to benefit from the firms expertise in this area. Additionally, the business is able to concentrate on its core abilities. EC Application Case 1. 3: Orbis Group Changes a Linear Physical Supply Chain to an Electronic Hub Questions 1. Identify the benefits of the ProductBank system to the supply-chain participants. The hub model is beneficial to the participants in the supply chain because it eliminates unnecessary steps in the process, and by doing so lowers overall cost and increases the speed of the process. 2. Where does the cost reduction in the ProductBank process come from? The cost reduction comes from several locations. The first area of reduction is the ability for the retailer or their advertising agency to immediately view and select an appropriate image without the use of a courier. When an image is selected it can be immediately pulled from the database instead of being sent out for scanning. 3. Where does the cycle time reduction come from? The cycle time reduction comes from two locations. The first area of reduction is the ability for the retailer or their advertising agency to immediately view and select an appropriate image without the use of a courier. When an image is selected it can be immediately pulled from the database instead of being sent out for scanning. 4. Explain the benefits of electronic collaboration between the catalog owner and the ad agency. Electronic collaboration between the two parties allows them to communicate more quickly and efficiently than traditional methods. The retailer is able to participate more fully in the process of the selection of photos, while the ad agency is able to more quickly process their customers requests. EC Application Case 1. 4: The Internet and the Intranet Shorten Time to Market for New Drugs Questions 1. How does the computerized drug application system facilitate collaboration? This application system facilitates collaboration because it provides full and easy access to the information needed. In addition, the information can also be easily searched and specific facts retrieved quickly. 2. How is cycle time reduced? Cycle time is reduced because pharmaceutical and FDA employees are able to concentrate more fully on the review of the drug in question. This is accomplished by the ease of searching online databases for facts and information as opposed to wading through hundreds of thousands of pages of paper documents. Answers to Discussion Questions 1. Compare and contrast viral marketing with affiliate marketing. In both viral and affiliate marketing of business, relying on a third party to assist in its marketing effort is necessary. With affiliate marketing, individuals or firms are paid based on the amount of additional business they can send to the selling firm. With viral marketing, individuals are encouraged to market the product to others without any financial gain. 2. Carefully examine the nontechnological limitations of EC. Which are company dependent and which are generic? All of the listed nontechnological limitations are generic concerns with EC with the exception of Lack of trust in EC and in unknown sellers hinder buying. This limitation may be overcome by well-known and established merchants who will bring with them some level of customer confidence. 3. Compare brick-and-mortar and click-and-mortar organizations. Brick-and-mortar organizations only maintain a presence off-line. Click-and-mortar organizations maintain a presence both online and off-line. 4. Why is it said the EC is a catalyst of fundamental changes in organizations? EC causes fundamental changes in organizations because it requires business models and processes to be redesigned and streamlined. This is required for firms to have successful EC. 5. Explain how EC facilitates supply chain management. EC facilitates supply chain management by exposing the inner workings of the supply chain and indicating which areas contribute the greatest value. These indications, coupled with a firm understanding of the chains workings, provide the necessary information for supply-chain optimization. 6. Which of the EC limitations do you think will be more easily overcome—the technological or the nontechnological limitations, and why? Student answers will vary. In most cases technical limitations are easier to overcome, with customer preferences taking more time to adapt. 7. Explain how EC can reduce cycle time, improve employees’ empowerment, and facilitate customer support. EC can reduce cycle time by eliminating steps in business processes. The steps may be redundant or can be replaced with more efficient technology solutions. The elimination of the steps speeds the overall process and reduces cycle time. EC can provide employee empowerment by providing employees with greater and easier access to information provided by the employer. EC facilitates customer support by providing a wide range of technological solutions and communication opportunities. Additionally, EC supports self-help customer service so consumers can answer their own questions. 8. How does EC facilitate customization of products and services? EC facilitates customization by allowing customers to see the full range of options available for a given product. Customers are then able to select the options that they desire and these options may be sent directly to the manufacturer or service provider. This provides a more direct link between the customer and the firm that will eventually fill their custom order. 9. Why is buying with a smart card from a vending machine considered EC? EC can be defined as the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and workflow. Because a smart card uses technology to automate a process (creating greater efficiencies and ease-of-use) it can therefore be considered EC. 0. Why is distance learning considered EC? EC can be defined as the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and workflow, as well as a gathering place for community members to learn, transact and collaborate. Distance learning fits both of these definitions because it provides the technology solution for workflows (education) while also creating a learning community. Internet Exe rcises (Note: URLs may change over time; please check the Internet Exercises on the Turban Web site for possible updates: www. prenhall. com/turban. ) 1. Enter bigboxx. com and identify the services the company provides to its customers. What type of EC is this? What business model(s) does Bigboxx use? This company provides a large supply of office products, as well as other products and services to customers in the Hong Kong market. This company focuses primarily on B2B sales. This company makes the majority of its revenue through the direct sale of items. 2. Enter Amazon. com’s site (amazon. com) and locate recent information in the following areas: Student information will vary based on when this question is completed. a. Find the five top-selling books on EC. b. Find a review of one of these books. c. Review the customer services you can get from Amazon and describe the benefits you receive from shopping there. Amazon. com provides several services for customers. These benefits include: †¢ free shipping on large orders †¢ the ability to track orders †¢ the ability to combine orders †¢ the ability to send orders as guests †¢ additional answers will vary d. Review the products directory. Amazon. com provides a wide variety of products including books, electronics, music, travel services and many others. . Enter priceline. com and identify the various business models it uses. Priceline. com uses the â€Å"name your own price† or reverse auction business model. This model allows consumers to place bids for different services with several third-party companies through priceline. com. If the amount paid by the customer meets the third-party company’s minimum sales pri ce, the customer purchases the product or service at that price. 4. Go to ups. com and find information about recent EC projects that are related to logistics and supply chain management. UPS provides a variety of EC business products and solutions. Many of the solutions allow companies to easily ship, track and receive packages through UPS. In many of these cases, UPS provides software and services that allows customers to link UPS information to their existing information or e-commerce systems. The systems then allow greater visibility of the supply chain creating easier understanding of problems and opportunities in logistics. 5. Go to mixonic. com and create a CD. Then go to nike. com and design your own shoes. Next visit iprint. com and create your own business card. Finally, enter jaguar. com and configure the car of your dreams. What are the advantages of each activity? The disadvantages? Each of these sites provides the ability of individual customization for various products. The major advantage of this system is the ability of the consumer to create and purchase a product that meets their individual specifications. The disadvantages of the systems are the limitations and possible customizations and the additional cost and fulfillment time associated with customized products. 6. Enter chemconnect. com. What kind of EC does this site represent? What benefits can it provide to buyers? To sellers? This company provides an Internet-based exchange for the buying and selling of chemicals and plastics. This site provides benefits to both buyers and sellers. Buyers are able to evaluate pricing, availability and other information from a variety of sellers. Sellers are able to present their products for sale to a wide variety of buyers. 7. It is time you try to sell or buy on an online auction. You can try eBay. com, auction. yahoo. com, or an auction site of your choice. You can participate in an auction of almost any country. Prepare a short report describing your experiences. Reports will vary based on the auction site used by the student. In many cases students will comment on the overall experience of listing and purchasing products. Points of reference would include the ease-of-use of the site, the ease in searching and gathering information, the ability to compare products and the ease in completing transactions. 8. Try to save on your next purchase by using group purchasing. Visit letsbuyit. com, shop2gether. com, and buyerzone. com. Which site do you prefer? Why? Opinions will vary based on student preferences. . Enter espn. com and identify all sources of revenue there. I was able to identify: Advertising (pop-up) Advertising (co-branding MSN) Advertising (banners) Advertising (internal, for ESPN) E-Commerce (sales) Team Assignments and Role Playing 1. Assign each team two failed or failing Internet companies (e. g. , musicmaker. com, comdex. com). Use startupfailures. com to identify companies th at are in distress. Fortune. com is a good source of details for particular business failures. Have each team prepare a report on why is the companies failed or are failing. Responses will vary based on the businesses chosen by students and the source of their information. 2. Each team will research two EC success stories. Members of the group should examine companies that operate solely online and some that extensively utilize a click-and-mortar strategy. Each team should identify the critical success factors for its companies and present a report to the other teams. Responses will vary based on the businesses chosen by students and the source of their information. Answers to End-of-Chapter Real-World Case Questions: E-Commerce Supports Field Employees at Maybelline Questions 1. IVR systems are still popular. What advantages do they have over a system in which the reps mail or fax reports? Information comes in faster, and in a machine understandable format. 2. Explain why the MSP application is an e-commerce application. Compare it to the definitions and classifications in the chapter. The MSP application is an e-commerce application because it uses IT to directly enable communications and sales of products. 3. The existing technology enables transmission of data any time an employee can access the Internet with a PC. Technically, the system can be enhanced so that the data can be sent wirelessly from any location as soon as they are entered. Would you recommend such a wireless system to Maybelline? Why or why not? Student answers will vary. Students will weigh the benefits of real-time information against the costs and access issues of a new system. 4. Summarize the advantages of the new MSP system over the IVR one. Some of the advantages include: †¢ Easier to use †¢ More accurate information †¢ More detailed information †¢ More timely information †¢ Two-way communication †¢ Fulfills more roles

Friday, April 17, 2020

A College of Charleston Supplemental Essay

A College of Charleston Supplemental EssayWhat is a college of Charleston supplemental essay? Well, it is a supplemental study course that students take before actually moving on to their college course.The aim of this supplemental course is to give students a chance to brush up on their academic knowledge and skills so that they are better prepared for their college course. The problem with this is that students in this course will be competing with students from other colleges for places.This means that you will need to have a very good academic history if you are going to be successful in a college of Charleston supplemental essay. In fact, you will be judged in a number of ways. For example, when your professor or tutor has to read through your work, you may find that they may make a few changes and evaluations based on how well you have studied.So how should you go about preparing for a college of Charleston supplemental essay? Here are some tips.First, look at what kinds of cou rses you have taken in the past. Are there any that you feel are less than stellar? These are the courses that you should avoid and focus on improving before you move on to the next class.You need to remember that a college can only afford to take students on as many courses as they need to complete their degree. However, they also need to leave students with time to improve their skills. Therefore, they will need to be able to assess the skills of their students.By looking at past lessons and projects that you have completed in the past college course, you will be able to see where you may have been lacking and be able to put this right where you want to improve your grade. Therefore, you will have a better idea of where you need to make improvements on your own to get you a better grade.The best thing that you can do is to make sure that you check out study guides and other resources that will help you improve upon the things that you are doing wrong. So, whether you are taking a college of Charleston supplemental essay or not, you should ensure that you are doing all that you can to increase your chances of getting a good grade.

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Why You Should Do Extra Research For Your Final Paper

Why You Should Do Extra Research For Your Final PaperIf you're taking a final exam on a topic that you know very little about, you might be pleasantly surprised to find out that there are many more interesting and even challenging topics to research for your final paper. You might be surprised to find out that the topic you have chosen for your final paper has more to offer than you had imagined. This is one of the reasons why you should think about doing a little bit of extra research.If you are preparing for your final, you need to be focused and serious about it. The last thing you want to do is get yourself down or stressed because you simply can't think of anything for your final paper topic. As much as possible, make sure that you don't lose focus, because doing so will only make things harder on you in the end.The more research you do, the more time you will have to actually think about what to write. When you're finished, you will have a better idea of what to write, and also what not to write. This is one of the many reasons why it's so important to do some extra research for your final.There are many people who have a hard time writing, or might even get a little frustrated at the time. You should never let this happen to you. A long last will only result in a poor grade for your final. Take advantage of extra research time to write something remarkable.When it comes to choosing your topic, you should always write about something that interests you. It doesn't really matter what the topic is, as long as it's something that you are passionate about. This will help you to become more passionate about the writing process as well. Not only is this something that can help you in the long run, but it will help you to be able to think about writing for longer periods of time.Another reason why you should try to do extra research is the fact that most schools require that their students prepare a final paper. This means that they want to see something impress ive. However, many students don't have the ability to do this because they usually think that it is too much work.They will often sit around and think about it for an hour or two, or longer, all thinking about how much time they have and how much it will cost them. This can only result in procrastination. Procrastination will only keep you from getting the best grades possible for your final, and it could also cause your grade to be lower than it would be if you just did a little bit of extra research.Try to get a little bit of extra research done before you start to do it. This way, you will always have the best possible final for your final. Remember that getting the best grades is a very important thing, so take your time and make sure that you don't fall into the trap of thinking that extra research is a big deal.

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Where to Start When Looking For Topics in Your Theatre Research Paper

Where to Start When Looking For Topics in Your Theatre Research PaperThere are so many different topics to choose from when it comes to theatre research papers. Each area has its own set of unique challenges and great skills that can be explored within the paper. If you don't know where to start or what to expect from each topic, then these articles will help you find what you need.An area to always keep in mind when writing a theatre research paper topics is to keep it interesting. Keep your paper topical, yet informative. You don't want to write an essay about something that is not current; or if the piece is too old it could bore the reader to tears. Use your passion and knowledge as well as the time you have available to write about a specific topic that you know something about.If you are trying to get your point across about current times, then you will want to make sure your paper is current. Some of the best topics are about current events that happened within the past few ye ars. Look for something on news or politics, or even something specific like music. Anything about current events can be a great topic to write about. No matter how small or big the event is that made headlines, you will be able to use the piece as a springboard to more current topics.There are different reasons why students are interested in looking into particular types of topics. There are many students who are studying there for the love of it, but there are also those who want to write about the industry. Find something that fits in your interests and that you enjoy writing about, and you should be fine.One thing that many students tend to look into is how their personal relationships are affected by being in the theatre. Students who are searching for topics can take a look at how they are affected by their favorite character or what type of relationships they might be in with people. It is important to think about the entire experience of being in the theatre; how it impacts the individuals involved, and the overall process of it all. Make sure that you are able to explore all aspects of what makes the theatre work, and the different aspects of each person's personal life.If you are having trouble coming up with a topic that is relevant to you or if you just want to delve into a certain type of story, then look at a favourite character of yours. People love watching television shows that they know the ending of, or movies they know will be happy or sad. You can do more research by talking to friends and family members who have similar interests and show you want to talk about in your paper.There are many different things that you can write about in theatre research papers. Not only can you use this knowledge to prepare yourself for a performance, but it can also help you break into the industry. You never know when someone is going to approach you after seeing your paper, and you want to be prepared so that you can provide them with the information they need to become a good actor or actress. These papers can also be used in your first job, or even to write for a theatre company.The process of writing about theatre research paper topics is only as difficult as you make it. When you are not sure how to proceed, take a look at something that you know about, and use it as a starting point to finding the answers you are looking for.

Friday, April 10, 2020

How to Write an Economics Research Paper - Topic and Methods

How to Write an Economics Research Paper - Topic and MethodsWhen it comes to how to write an economics research paper, there are a number of topics that you can choose from. These topics are broken up into two major categories; both subject and methods.Topic and method. There are many different topics that you can choose from for an economics research paper. For instance, it is possible to focus on monetary policy or Keynesian economics. But the topic that is commonly used in this type of research is the economy. That is because, as you go through an economic analysis paper, you are going to have to determine the root cause of the problem.There are many different topics that you can choose from as well. In fact, in most situations, the two main categories are the subjects and the methods. So, here we will talk about the types of topics that are available. The topics that are commonly used are interest rates, unemployment, and inflation.Interest Rates. The first type of topic that you will hear about when it comes to economics research paper is interest rates. This topic is one that has both logical and empirical evidence behind it. You might need to examine all of the available evidence as well as present a sound analysis.Unemployment. The second type of topic that you will find in an economics research paper is unemployment. Unemployment rates are very popular in both traditional and online learning environments. However, you should keep in mind that some data from official sources is in itself contradictory.Inflation. The third type of topic that you will find is inflation. Inflation is another topic that has both economic theory and the actual data to support it. As an example, a person might hear that inflation is a bad thing and their solution is to sell some stocks. However, an analysis might show that, in reality, inflation is good.These three topics that you will hear about are very important. All of them have different strengths and weaknesses. You wil l want to select topics based on what you are hoping to accomplish and what you think is the best way to get the results you are seeking. Of course, you will also want to think about how each topic will help you accomplish your desired results.