Gray-Hat Hacking Essay -- Computers Technology Hackers Essays Research

Gray-Hat Hacking OverviewComputer security is a growing concern with the onset of always-on connections in the home and the emerging world(prenominal) network. More and more people become connected everyday. The reliance on computers in our daily lives has increased the need for security and has shifted the ethical soak up for hackers and hacking. A hacker is someone with deep knowledge of and great interest in a system. A hacker is someone who likes to delve into the inner workings of a system to find out how it works.2 The definition of a hacker has been skewed in recent years by the press to connotate people who dash into computer systems. The term has also evolved to represent people who protect computer systems and those that break into them. These newly termed hackers can be classified into three categories white-hat, black-hat, and gray-hat hackers. White-hat hackers are occupied by corporations and work on the good side to secure computer systems without breaking into th em. Black-hat hackers work on the bad side and attempt to compromise systems in illegal ways. Gray-hat hackers occupy the gray space of hacking and break into systems to learn and expose flaws, often as a service to the computer community. The ethical line dividing white-hat hackers and black-hat hackers is clear. However, the line that separates gray-hat hackers from black-hat hackers is constantly shifting in the new global network. Hacking that may have been considered ethical yesterday may not be true today overdue to the impact on global systems in the form of dollars loss and downtime.Hacking has evolved from simply having knowledge of systems by harmlessly breaking into them to an issue of security and computer crimes (cybercrimes). Hacking attac... ...um right of first publication Act, 1998, http//www.copyright.gov/legislation/dmca.pdf5 Deborah Radcliff, Playing by Europes rule, 2001, http//www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/story/0,10801,62057,00.html6 US Depar tment of Justice, Federal Computer Intrusion Laws,http//www.usdoj.gov/ deplorable/cybercrime/cclaws.html7 Council of Europe, Convention on Cybercrime CETS No.185, 2001,http//conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/cadreprincipal.htm8 CSI / FBI, Computer Crime and Security Survey, 2003,http//i.cmpnet.com/gocsi/db_area/pdfs/fbi/FBI2003.pdf9 George W. Bush, Presidents Message to the Senate on the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, 2003,http//www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/senateCoe.pdf10 US Department of Justice, FAQ on Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, 2003,http//www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/COEFAQs.htm

Where Are You Going, Where have you been? Essay -- essays research pap

Connies Decision Nobody really knows what the future holds. We all red-hot day by day wondering what Gods will is for our lives. Yet we carry on and make decisions that may or may non shape what our lives turn out to be. In Joyce Carol Oatess Where are you going, Where have you been?, we meet Connie, a fifteen year old beautiful girl. Connie standardised most teenagers is a little boy crazy and at times rebellious. She and some girlfriends would get together and go to a local drive-in eating place where older kids would hang out. (153) One night at this drive-in a boy with shaggy black hair, in a convertible caught Connies eye. (154) Connie had neer seen him before. He made the sly statement of Gonna get you, baby, and she just ignored him and walked on. (154) Little did Connie know he was speaking the truth. In a very goldbrick period of time Connie was about to make the biggest decision of her life, literally. Connie was at home alone one day sitting in her room listening to music. Her mother, grow and sister were out to a barbeque. An unfamiliar car pulled up in the driveway and Connie at first was worried about how she looked. This was the least of her troubles. When Connie got to the front room access she was faced with two men. The driver whom we come to know as Arnold Friend and the passenger whose name was Ellie Oscar. Arnold comes off at first as kind of distant yet nice. He asks Connie, You wanta come for a ride? (...

Assisted Suicide :: essays research papers

Assisted SuicideIn reaction to the law the Michigan Legislature recently passed outlawing assisted suicide, I found myself with many mixed feelings. I found myself often feeling bad for the patients Dr. Kevorkian dealt with but more often felt sorry for him that he should be responsible for so many deaths. It is a sad road to travel on when faced with a terminal disease. It includes many harsh realities and many are not prepared to deal with their illness. in that location are many aspects I chose to tang at when preparing to write this paper. A persons self-price is one and also the doctors evaluation of a persons self-worth. I chose to take my own ad hominem stand on the issue, which includes my own opinions, feelings, and thoughts on the many controversies surrounding Euthanasia. I also chose to write about the "Slippery Slope" for I find it to be a very relevant and useful tool in looking at the topic of Euthanasia. This is a very interesting subject to me for I look a head at the next few years of many painful deaths for a family that is getting very old. When looking at someones self-worthwhat they feel they can offer, you bedevil to put into perspective what they are dealing with. Of course, someone who is slowly dieing of a terminal disease is going to find their self-worth at virtually nothing. They are demoralise and in pain and are not cap adapted of doing things on their own any longer. What pride is there in that? Most people find none. On a more personal level, I would find pride in waking up each sidereal day, and in waking up each day trying to find something to smile about. I could find pride in knowing that even though I am dieingand I am in painthat I am still able to be strong for the people who love me. I find pride and dignity in that and that makes my self-worthsomething worth saving. I have been brought up in a Catholic family. Therefore, many of my opinions on controversial issues such as this stem from my upbringing. Howev er, I have been able to do the research and form my own opinions. And, even so, I still think assisted suicide is wrong. When one person is responsible for the stopping of other persons heart from beating, it should be considered murder. And, I equally agree that it shouldnt have taken a case where

The Meaning and Symbolism of the Hunting Scenes in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight :: Sir Gawain Green Knight Essays

The Meaning and Symbolism of the Hunting Scenes in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Sir Gawain is a poem of heroism, chivalry, brave knights and even romance. The story itself is so engage that all too easily the reader may miss many of the symbols present within. Here we will consider the symbolism and importance of the hunting scenes and how they protagonist develop and enhance the plot. The hunting scenes in Sir Gawain are numerous and told in detail. Why did the author spend so much space in what seems to be just action scenes? Unquestionably such a talented author would never carelessly spend time on lines that do not conduct nub to the story. One critics overzealous opinion is all the hunted animals convey connotations of evil, and this is doubtless the reason why the author of the poem seems so involved in the outcome of the hunts and never tires of triumphantly describing the final slaying of the pursued animals. (Howard 85) This is an interesting interpretation and could possibly serve as a religious meaning in the poem. Nevertheless the animals themselves are never described as evil nor is there any implication of evil animals in the poem. The animals do hold specific meaning though not malevolent like the above quoted critic believes. Medieval people loved stories of animals that assumed human qualities for example Chantlicleer, the rooster in Chaucers Canterbury Tales. many another(prenominal) animals were thought to have qualities of human emotions, spirituality and even intelligent qualities the three hunted animals in Sir Gawain included. To begin, Certain facts about the animals which formed the quarry of the medieval huntsman...and legitimate popular beliefs about their habits and temper (Savage 32) will allow the reader to draw parallels between the hunt, happening outside the rook and the hunt happening inside the castle between Gawain and the Lady of the house. Insight is provided by understanding the attitude the medieval huntsman wou ld have toward the animals. Hunted animals were classified as either beasts of venery or beasts of bob. Beasts of venery included the male and female red deer, wild boar or the wolf. Beasts of chase were the male or female deer and the fox. Animals of the first class were considered dread to hunt. Animals of the second class do not fair as well, especially poor Reynard. At the time Sir Gawain was written the fox was regarded as vermin to be hunted out and destroyed (Savage 33).

what high school is now :: essays research papers

High prepare is an ever-changing process. As I think back to my last tether years of High School things like clothes, language, and even hairstyles apply transformed. If in three years so more than nominate change imagine, how much things have changed since our parents were in school. From bell-bottoms to baggy jeans, from groovy to slammin, and from the infamous pompadour to the now popular buzz cut. If these things are so different, I wonder how much other things have changed?One of the biggest changes, since my parents were in high school, is the way birth control, sex educations, and sexual activity are looked at. When my mom was in high school a girl could not just go to a doctor and ask for the pill, she had to have parental consent. Nowadays anyone at any time can get some form of birth control whether it be condoms, birth control pills, etc. Sex education in my moms day was mainly utilise to tell kids about the fundamentals of sex. They did not expect the kids they wer e teaching it to were going to go out and have sex. Today it is taught to educate teens of the risks and repercussions of sex. Then theres sex itself, in my moms day sex was not accepted like it is today. If you were a sexually active person you didnt tell anyone, especially if you were a girl. Because of picture today and other forms of media sex is all oer the place, therefore being pumped in to kids heads as acceptable. Marijuana is another big topic when it comes to the changes over the last 35 years. When my mother was in high school volume that smoked marijuana were not considered cool by the non-smokers. They were considered the outcasts and didnt associate much with the people who didnt use it. Presently, in high school, marijuana is more socially accepted and someone would not be cast out by his or her peers. I think it has a lot to do with the glamorization of it in the media today. Actors, musicians, and even comedians all talk about it like its fun and exciting to do. With this invariant glorifying of marijuana in all these aspects it just becomes part of a teenagers everyday life. From Rock & Roll to Hip-Hop, Music has and will continue to be the biggest influence in teenage life.

what high school is now :: essays research papers

High school is an ever-changing process. As I think back to my last three years of High School things like clothes, language, and regular hairstyles have transformed. If in three years so much can change imagine, how much things have changed since our parents were in school. From bell-bottoms to baggy jeans, from groovy to slammin, and from the disreputable pompadour to the now popular buzz cut. If these things are so different, I wonder how much other things have changed?One of the biggest changes, since my parents were in richly school, is the way birth figure, sex educations, and sexual activity are looked at. When my mom was in gamey school a girl could not just go to a doctor and ask for the pill, she had to have parental consent. Nowadays anyone at any time can get some form of birth control whether it be condoms, birth control pills, etc. Sex education in my moms day was mainly used to tell kids about the fundamentals of sex. They did not express the kids they were teac hing it to were going to go out and have sex. Today it is taught to educate teens of the risks and repercussions of sex. Then theres sex itself, in my moms day sex was not accepted like it is today. If you were a sexually active person you didnt tell anyone, especially if you were a girl. Because of television today and other forms of media sex is all everywhere the place, therefore being pumped in to kids heads as acceptable. Marijuana is another big topic when it comes to the changes over the last 35 years. When my mother was in high school people that smoked marijuana were not considered cool by the non-smokers. They were considered the outcasts and didnt associate much with the people who didnt use it. Presently, in high school, marijuana is more(prenominal) socially accepted and someone would not be cast out by his or her peers. I think it has a lot to do with the glamorization of it in the media today. Actors, musicians, and even comedians all talk about it like its fun and exciting to do. With this constant glorifying of marijuana in all these aspects it just becomes get out of a teenagers everyday life. From Rock & Roll to Hip-Hop, Music has and will continue to be the biggest influence in teenage life.

Insulin Resistance In Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay

Correlation of Insulin opposition in patients with caseful 2 Diabetes Mellitus utilizing Homeostasis Model legal opinion of Insulin Resistance ( HOMA-IR ) with organic structure mass index ( BMI ) and Waist-Hip proportionality ( WHR ) .Diabetess type 2 is a chronic upset characterized by variable grades of insulin opposition, stricken insulin secernment, and increased glucose production. It consequences from a combination of distinguishable familial and metabolic defects in insulin action and/or secretion.1, 2 Insulin opposition is the reduced ability of insulin to move efficaciously on severalise tissues and is a revealstanding characteristic of type 2 DM.3-6 It besides consequences from a combination of familial susceptibleness and fleshiness, and has a positive correlativity with organic structure bole fat, ( BMI ) , organic structure fat mass ( kilogram ) , and organic structure fat percentage.4, 6-16 Intra-abdominal fat terminals and lessening in femoral fat ar besides independent lending factors for insulin resistance.14 Higher degrees of go arounding insulin impart nevertheless normalise the plasma glucose, therefore insulin opposition slightly comparative. The most common type of insulin opposition is associated with corpulence and obesity.8 A abstain serum insulin degree of greater than the upper bound of normal for the check used is considered grounds of insulin opposition. However the imposing criterion for look intoing and quantifying insulin opposition is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clinch method. But due to the complicated nature of this technique ( and the possible dangers of hypoglycaemia in some patients ) , options have been seek to simplify the measuring of insulin opposition. The first was the Homeostasis Model Assessment ( HOMA-IR ) . Fasting insulin and glucose degrees are used in both to cipher insulin opposition, and both correlative moderately with the consequences of clamping studies.17-19 HOMA-IR is a utile method to find insulin opposition in epidemiological studies.17, 19, 20 Similarly, beta cell map can be assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment Beta ( HOMA-? ) .19Several surveies have shown correlativity of IR with WC and WHR and these patients are at hazard for developing complications like indispensable high daub pressure, type 2 Diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.8 Each addition of 15 centimeter in the WC is associated with an addition of the hazard hyperglycaemia and IR ( 65 % and 123 % , severally ) . The cut-off points that better discriminated work forces and bounteous females, with and without IR, were 105 and 91 centimeter, with a sensitiveness of 62 % ( 95 % assurance musical interval CI , 46-77 % ) and 71 % ( 95 % CI, 54-85 % ) , and a specificity of 72 % ( 95 % CI, 66-78 % ) and 68 ( 95 % CI, 63-73 % ) , respectively.21 Prevalence of corpulence and fleshiness is high in type2 diabetes. This has been reported at 10.4 % and 79.4 % respectively.22One survey demonstrated h igh prevalence of insulin opposition and impaired glucose tolerance associated with organic structure bole fat, among corpulent non-diabetic striplings. Insulin opposition was positively correlated with organic structure bole fat ( R = 0.457 P = 0.001 ) , BMI ( r = 0.417 P = 0.003 ) , organic structure fat mass ( kilogram ) ( r = 0.386 P = 0.006 ) and organic structure fat per centum ( R = 0.285 P = 0.047 ) . Furthermore, there was a negative correlativity between HOMA-IR and thin organic structure mass.7The principle of this survey is that non much research work has been done on insulin opposition in Pakistan, and maintaining in head the part of insulin opposition to the development of complications, it is indispensable to find its prevalence which will enable us to step in at an early on phase to forestall such complications. Besides with increasing figure of fleshy and corpulent patients and association of fleshiness with insulin opposition and development of complications, it is imperative to step in at an early phase and forestall the associated morbidity and mortality.AimTo find the correlativity of insulin opposition with organic structure mass index and waist hip ratio in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Operational DefinitionHomeostasis Model of Assessment of Insulin ResistanceBody Mass IndexBMI = Mass ( kilogram ) / ( Height ( metres ) ) 2Material and MethodStudy design Cross-sectional Study.Puting Medical Unit II, Civil infirmary Karachi.Duration of survey Minimal six months after blessing of outline.Sample size Using correlativity of BMI and insulin opposition of 0.417, presuming correlativity of insulin opposition and WHR of 0.28, assurance interval of 95 % and power of survey 90 % , the sample size is calculated as 100 topics.Sampling techniqueNon-probability back-to-back sampling.Sample choice inclusion standardsAll patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Exclusion standardsPatients with ischaemic bosom disease, nephritic disfunction, li ver disfunction, thyroid disfunction and morbific diseases.Patients on weight decrease planData accretion ProcedureEthical blessing from competent authorization will be sought. Patients will be enrolled after taking informed consent. Data collected at survey foundation will include age, medical history, smoke and intoxicant imbibing wonts, and anthropometric indices including waist perimeter, hip perimeter, blood force per unit area, fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin degree. Fasting blood samples will be obtained by cubital venipuncture and so shipped to a individual research lab for analysis. Plasma fasting glucose degrees will be measured enzymatically utilizing an automatic analyser. Fasting plasma insulin will be measured by radioimmunoassay. HOMA-IR and HOMA-? will be calculated utilizing a antecedently mentioned formula.10 Other blood chemical markers will besides be measured utilizing widely accepted methods. Measurements of anthropometric indices and blood force p er unit area will be carried out by trained staff. Information on medical history will be obtained utilizing a self-administered questionnaire.Data Analysis ProcedureCollected informations will be entered in PASW Statistic version 18.0. mean(a) SD will be calculated for uninterrupted variables like age, weight, tallness, BMI, waist hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-? . Correlation of HOMA-IR and HOMA-? with BMI and waist hip ratio will be studied utilizing the Pearson correlativity coefficient.

Power Balance Bands Conclusion Essay

The intent of this examine was to one time and for all answer the inquiry. do the role Balance Bands genuinely have an consequence on a persons balance strength and flexibleness or is the whole thing a cozenage? The company claims that the these watchbands have a holograph in it and when the holograph comes in contact with your bodys energy field. it allows your organic structure to move with the natural. good frequence stored within the holograph. ensuing in improved energy flow throughout your organic structure.But is this true? The original claim for this audition was that if people are have oning the power balance set while take parting in assorted balance. strength. and flexibleness trials so the set go out in fact non need any consequence on the individuals balance. strength. or flexibleness. The information showed a really little difference between the public video display of the fake and real Power Balance Bands. All three trials showed no more than a. 3 % difference between the agencies for both sets.This experiment was basically an experiment proving the placebo consequence on the usage of the Power Balance Bracelet. The placebo consequence is the mensurable. discernible. or felt betterment in wellness or behaviour non attributable to a medicine or invasive intervention that has been administered. The end was to convert people the original Power Balance set really worked. and that the fake one didnt. My consequences showed gloomy to no alteration in public presentation regardless of which band the pupil was have oning.This observation confirmed my hypothesis that neither set would hold any affect on a persons public presentation. The systematic mistake in this experiment was that I was non able to prove 50 trials capable. I was merely able to prove 36 which fortunately still allowed me to acquire accurate consequences. The Random mistake in this experiment was that it was hard to assess the betterment. or aside of the participants. for both the Balance Test and the strong point Test.The merely recorded restriction for this experiment was the fact that while executing the Balance and Strength Test if each participant made to 10 seconds while equilibrating they were stopped and had their abilities observed and recorded. The generalizability of the consequences sight use to all worlds nevertheless this experiment is sole in that it can non be generalized for all other objects. insects. or animate beings. For future waies I would increase the sample size. and besides change the trials so that they can be measured by something other than clip.

Paper on US Presidential Campaigns

This has been the strangest of American election flows the most exciting in 40 years in terms of the closeness of the contest, yet one in which both major candidates have utterly fai direct to capture the national imagination. The lead in the polls has changed choke half a dozen times since September and, even at this late stage, only the very bravest d be forecast the outcome.Campaigning, alas, tends to bring out the lather in venire. As the standard-bearer of the incumbent party, he should have long since locked up this election. Yet his turgid style, his maddening tendency to condescension, and his craven unwillingness to hold up from the script provided by his advisers have combined to squander the peace and prosperity factor that should have guaranteed victory.It should be said, too, that his Republican opponent, George W Bush, has improved considerably as the campaign has progressed. Not only has he won the personality contest, a vital component of any American election, hands d proclaim he has held his own in the second debate, adroitly foc social functiond his attack on Gores weak points, and avoided the gaffes that everyone expected. In short, he has done enough to garner a plausible president. that that does non mean he would be a good president.His short attention span, his pervasive escapes of curiosity, his general lightness of being, remain unnerving. He has mastered his lines, save all too often does not seem to understand them. On the domestic front, Gores ideas for using the massive work out surpluses ahead are far more convincing his ideas on abortions, global warming, education, and campaign-finance reform more clearly address the problems facing America. Gore-appointed justices in the Supreme Court would offer added protection against a brotherly lurch to the right.Al Gore believes that a woman should have a right to legal abortions, and that they should be safe and rare. Gore supports FDA approval of abortion pad Mifeprex and he wants to reinforce security around clinics to protect the doctors who perform abortions, and the patients who seek their services. I think its up to the woman, and I strongly support a womans right to chose, and I support the FDAs approval, assuming its safe for the woman who takes it, said Gore. Bush on the other hand disagrees completely saying that the FDAs decision was totally wrong.Ensuring Clean and Reliable Sources of Electricity Al Gores plan would ensure clean and reliable sources of electricity by enhancing our nations capacities to reliably generate and distribute electricity and by providing market-based incentives to clean up aging power plants. Gore revived the issue of global warming, a field from his past that he has generally ignored this year. Seizing on a new UN report asserting that pollution appears to be raising world temperatures, Gore tried to portray global warming as a populist issue.He called the effort to stop global warming a fight against huge pol luters, in an attack similar to those he has made on drug companies, insurance companies, & health-maintenance organizations. It does not have to happen and wont happen if we gravel our minds to solving this problem, Gore said of the predicted rise in temperature and problems that would create. Gores turn to global warming suggests he now thinks he can use the subject to cast an unfavorable light on Bush, who has expressed skepticism about the danger. Bush says, Its an issue that we need to take very seriously. I dont think we know the solution to global warming yet and I dont think weve got all the facts before we make decisions.In the field of education Gore says We cant reform education with half an agenda. We cant make education our top priority if huge tax cuts for the wealthy are already the first, second, and third priority. Thats really the choice we face a commitment to education for life or a set of priorities that could leave us with budget deficits for life. He argues t hat if you drain the money away from the public schools for private vouchers, it hurts the public schools. George W. Bush has a narrower education agenda because his massive tax cut leaves a few(prenominal) resources to invest in education.Vice President Al Gore supports reforms to eliminate gray areas in legislation. He backs McCain-Feingold Bill because its that important that all of the issues manage prescription drugs for seniors that is opposed by the drug companies, will be easier to pass if we limit the influence of special interests. Whereas Bush supports an effort to ban corporate semisoft money & labor union soft money. Bush thinks that there needs to be instant disclosure on the Internet as to whos prone to whom.Gore supports using $2.2 trillion of the Social Security surpluses to shore up the program and pay down the debt, thus saving billions of dollars in interest, which can be redirected to ensuring the solvency of the Social Security trust fund until at least 205 0. He supports the elimination of the Social Security earnings limit, which the president signed into law on April 7, 2000. Gore supports an increase in benefits for widows and eliminating the motherhood penalty the resulting reduction in benefits for women who take time off from work to raise children.I do not believe its right to play games with Social Security or pit young against old in a scramble to fulfill extravagant and competing campaign promises, he said in a speech in Kissimmee, in central Florida. I believe we have to strengthen Social Security by giving unprecedented new opportunities for families to save more, invest more and get higher returns, Gore said. Bush does not rule out the possibility of ascension the eligibility age for baby boom-era recipients as part of trade-off for private investment accounts.Bush freely admits that he would rely on advisers. They are an indisputably reassuring bunch, led by Colin Powell, his likely Secretary of State, and Dick Cheney, his running mate and a former Secretary of Defense. But what if the advisers disagree? Again, I come back to Bushs lack of depth. The Republican might have won the campaign. But Gore deserves to win the election and the presidency Gores views are clearly more analytic and realistic to this country and thats why I would vote for Gore.

Different economic factors Essay

In this report I am going to describe the way that Cadbury be touch by different economic factors. I leave describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on the transaction activities within the organisations. I ordain then compare the challenges to selected business activities within the organisations, in two different economic environments. Recession Recession is when the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) falls and goes negative. The GDP represents the riches of the economy. When at that place is a recession there is a decline in business activity, over much than a few months.Employment rates, household income, business profits and investment spending all decrease while unemployment rates and the marrow of bankruptcies rise because people begin to be more careful with their nones and are less prepared to buy uplifted priced items, for example cars and houses. People tend to take less risks when investing their money and companies also cannot really fall in to be employing as many people and this is how the unemployment rates increase. The need of recession on Cadbury Recession will affect Cadbury but not too drastically.The reasons for this are that people will still continue to buy Cadbury products because they are a low priced product and still affordable to many people. The sales for Cadbury may dismantle increase during a recession because people may fall into comfort eating over the recession which would result in increased sales for Cadbury. to a greater extent expensive products, for example Cadbury gift boxes and celebration cakes however, will decrease in demand and sales for these products will fall fairly drastically because they are higher(prenominal) priced than single bars so less people will be prepared to spend that amount of money in a time of recession.This will however increase the sale of small, individual bars. In a recession Cadbury will easily be able to recruit people. This is because a higher component of p eople would have been made redundant from their previous chores and so they will be happy in force(p) doing a job until they find something better. They will not be as bothered if the net profit rate isnt as high or if they dont receive any benefits, they will just be happy somewhat earning money again. Therefore in recession recruitment for Cadbury would be an easy process as a large amount of people will be looking for work.Cadbury would also be able to pay a reduced wage to new employees. stinting Growth Economic Growth is where the wealth of the increases, this can be measured by looking at the GDP (Gross Domestic Product. ) As the wealth of the economy is growing there is a higher demand for a businesss products or services. When there is an economic gain, people tend to feel more safe about their jobs, their sense of job security increases and they therefore feel more comfortable about spending out larger amounts of their money.It is during a time of economic growth that people will be more likely to take out a loan with a bank or buy a high priced item, for example a car because they will be confident in knowing they will be in their job further down the line. The affect of economic growth on Cadbury When the economy is growing, Cadbury will see an increased demand for their products because more people will be happier spending their money. The sale of larger, more expensive Cadbury products will also increase because people wont mind paying out more money for these, unlike they would if there was a recession.Cadbury will have more employees during this time because they will need to keep up with the demand. Recruitment however, will be a much slower process than it would in a time of recession. It will be a slow process because people are already likely to be in a job working so it will take a longer time for Cadbury to gain workers. Cadbury would then have to offer a higher rate of pay than other companies in order to get people to want to work f or them. Most people would stay with their current job if the pay is similar. This could be expensive for Cadbury as they will have to offer as much as they can afford in order to attract people.

Psychology and Health Problems

Jennifer Graves The multifunctional model uses different factors from different fonts of influences, traits and behaviors to determine health conditions fit to different influences, as well as susceptibility to illness. Each factor belongs to a group such as, biological and environmental factors, as well as personality, behavior, and stress. (Envied & Rather, 2010) Each group shows the factors and the behavior that nooky be harmful under that group. The multifunctional model shows the relation between psychology and medicine and how behavior and environment send away influence health.The multifunctional model send away be used in aiding diagnosis as the factors correlate to illness and health. The multifunctional model cannot diagnose illness or sic the diversity in peoples overall health as it can only aid in helping diagnose illness. When a person contracts the cold or flu, which can be reflected in the model showing which influences were involved such as environment or biolo gical. (Envied Rather, 2010) Each factor plays an important role in relating to illness such as the biological group which consists of many different factors such as a family history of illness and individual medical history.Age and sexual practice are important factors to con perspectiver when ruling out contracting illness biologically. Environmental factors include a wide range of factors from vehicular safety, to radiation flick which can help to diagnose cancer and ailments from radiation poisoning. Coloratura factors are an important group of factors which include socioeconomic status, family statistics as well as disadvantage and discrimination. Socioeconomic statuses as well as family status are both mental factors that can lead to illness.Under the personality group, there are several factors that can lead to stress. Anger, depression and anxiety are all behaviors that can lead to stress which are another group of factors entirely. Stress are daily hassles and look ch anges that although alone, may not lead directly to illness but when combined with other factors can help in diagnosing illnesses that are caused by binary factors. The multifunctional model is used to analyze the correlation of the interaction of different factors to aid in diagnosis.In 2012, a study was done to test ethnic disparities in childrens needlelike asthma through parental visits. (309 White, Puerco Rican, and African American families conducted) The test was to show the ethnic disparities in asthma cases through the parents. (Isadora-Oracles, Fieldsman, Exercises , Spray, 2012)The methods of the study were a multi-factorial model which utilize structural equation modeling to investigate the association of childrens acute asthma illness through parental representations, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as health care providers.The results provided evidence of a 45 % variance in illness representations and 30 % of the illness representations was ex plained for whites, 23% for African Americans, and 26% for Puerco Ricans. The model accounted for % of the variances in acute visits for African Americans and Puerco Ricans but only 19 % for whites. In conclusion, the model provided support that ethnic heterogeneity in asthma illness representations affects the outcomes of childrens health. Isadora-Oracles, Fieldsman, Exercises , Spray, 2012) The model helped bear witness the theory that many influences or factors including heredity and location, contributed in the outcomes of childrens health. The combination and interaction of the factors in any model can be the contributing aspect of a diagnosis before any initial medical testing has been done. Psychology has played a large role in defining stress as a major factor in migraine headaches that affects 1 in 10 Americans. Migraines are intense headaches that usually occur on one side of the head that can last several days.Migraines are not well understood and it is believed that mi graines are caused by a serotonin imbalance which causes neurotransmitters to misfire. (Envied & Rather, 2010) Other studies concord shown that migraines are also linked to brain lesions and incomplete artery structure. Researchers at the Gila institute in SAA Paolo, Brazil found that children with grains are much more believably to have behavior problems such as attention issues, anxiety, and depression. Other researchers, including Emily Bates, PhD have identified a gene mutation that also increases a persons susceptibility to migraines. What Causes Migraines? , 2013) Without cause the psychological factors that cause migraines such as stress, and hereditary behavior, it would be much more difficult to diagnose the ailment as the psychological factors are retributive as much of an influence, if not more. On of the main causes of migraines, which is also a warning sign is stress and anxiety. Psychology has also helped in the treatment of headaches as well. Recognizing that stre ss is one of the triggers of a migraine, behavioral methods such as relaxation training and biofeedback training are also helpful treatments. Envied Rather, 2010) Understanding the role psychological factors play in illness can help diagnose and treat the illness. Coronary heart disease is another illness mentioned in the text that can also be treated by understanding the underlying psychological factors that cause or trigger the illness. The list of factors for CHAD include, age and family, psychological conditions, lifestyle factors and type a behaviors as well as negative emotions. The majorities of the factors is psychological, or have psychological implications such as lifestyle factors.

A Report on Kingfisher Airlines Essay

Overview of Airlines attention in IndiaThe airwave fabrication in India is one of those sectors that saw a constant pace of growth among the other industries in the world over the past many years. The open sky policy of the government has helped a standoff of overseas players entering the aviation commercialize in India. From indeed, it has only been growing in terms of players and the number of aircrafts. At present, private air passages account for around 75% portion of the domestic aviation market. The 9th largest aviation market in the world is India. Taking the help of the statistics from the Ministry of obliging Aviation, approximately 29.8 million passengers traveled to/from India in 2008, video display a surge of 30% from 2007. The prediction say that transnational passengers will touch 50 million by 2015. More opportunities in the aviation industry in India are alike(p)ly to derive way for about 69 foreign air lanes from 49 countries.Growth of aviation indust ry in IndiaThe Indian Civil Aviation market grew at a CAGR of 18%, being valued round US$ 5.6 trillion in 2008. Further statistics revealed that the air traffic in August 2009 was a double digit figure. The domestic airliners flew 3.67 million passengers in August 2009, as a peest 2.92 million in the corresponding period of 2007, up by 26%. The Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) has estimated that the domestic traffic will go up by 25% to 30% till 2010 along with a surge in the international traffic by 15%. There would be more than 100 million passengers by 2010. Then again by 2020, Indian airports will in all probability handle over 100 million passengers every year. The investment plans to the tune of US$ 9 billion has been made by the Aviation Ministry for modernizing the existing airports by 2010.In terms of domestic passengers volume, US have always been the leader with fol piteousers in the confederacy like China, Japan and India. The number of domestic flights went up b y 69% from 2005 to 2008, with the domestic aviation sector growing at 9-10%.VisionThe Kingfisher Airlines family will administrationatically deliver a safe, value-based and enjoyable travel experience to all our guests.MissionKingfisher Airlines will have Fly the Good Times approach and this will theorise in the experience we will offer to passengersIntroductionKingfisher Airlines Limited is an airline group based in India Its head office is in Andheri (East), Mumbai and Registered Office in UB City, Bangalore. Kingfisher Airlines, through its parent company United Breweries Group, has a 50% stake in low-cost carrier Kingfisher Red. The airline has been facing financial issues for many years. Until declination 2011, Kingfisher Airlines had the second largest share in Indias domestic air travel market. However referable to a severe financial crisis faced by the airline at the beginning of 2012, it has the lowest market share since April 2012.The airline has temporarily shut down its operations when on October 20, 2012 the DGCA suspended its flying license. This suspension had been due to failure to give an effective response to the show-cause notice issued by DGCA. However, The airline had locked out its employees for several days before this suspension. On 25 October 2012, the employees agreed to clear to work.Strategic ManagementStrategic management is an ongoing process that assesses the business and the industries in which the company is involved assesses its competitors and sets goals and strategies to pit all existing and potential competitors and then reassesses each strategy annually or quarterly i.e. regularly to determine how it has been implemented and whether it has succeeded or needs replacement by a new strategy to meet changed circumstances, new technology, new competitors, a new economic surround., or a new social, financial, or political environment. (Lamb, 1984) The systematic analysis of the factors associated with customers and compet itors(the external environment) and the organization itself(the midland environment) to provide the basis for maintaining optimum management practices. The objective of strategic management is to achieve better alignment of corporate policies and strategic priorities.SociologicalTodays air traveler is like any other consumer looking for value for money. Disposable incomes are on the rise and the consumer is willing to spend more for calibre and brands. Air travel is no more about canaliseing passengers. It is more about the flying experience. People like travelling in planes. Kingfisher airlines has a very sober social image. Being a five star airlines, customers want to travel with Kingfisher. Also, the brand charges a premium price that is why only upper Socio frugal Class people prefer Kingfisher airlines. The lifestyle of the people is improving. Luxury is becoming necessary. They are ready to pay more for luxury processs. Kingfisher has a strong emolument here. So, we can conclude that sociological conditions are favouring Kingfisher airlines.TechnologicalPeople are becoming more and more tech-savvy. Kingfisher does provide a TV at the covering of the seat. That means every commuter has his own TV. Apart from that, Kingfisher also has facilities such as e-booking. Now, commuters can up to now book the tickets by mobiles. So, it can be stated that Kingfishers image and sales are driven by technology too.EconomicFigures indicate that purchasing power of Indians is increasing. People look for more options now, as yet luxury goods. Bank Credit is easily available in example of travelling. Economic slowdown is one of the major factor which is affecting the sales of aviation industry. In INDIA there is a mixed economy so private organization easily perform their tasks within any given economic system of course, organization are influenced by a variety of economic features over which they have little independent control, such as inflation, interest rat es and break Another important input to the enterprise is the nature of government fiscal and policies.EcologicalOne important factor is that how natural factor affects the aviation industry as whole. The most important factor is the stability of the abide. The timings of the flight are highly affected by shifts in weather. Also, it can be noticed that a highly unstable weather is directly proportional to the added costs to the company. For example, if there is a delay in the flight, the company has to provide facility for accommodations of commuters. In India, weather is quite stable in most of the time during the year. Thus, aviation is a profitable business in India, if we consider ecological factor.PoliticalThe political environment is stable. In India, government changes after 5 years. Also, it is a democratic country. Kingfisher has an added advantage over here that the owner of Kingfisher, Vijay Mallya has very good political network. That means even political environment f avours Kingfisher airlines.LegalAviation fuel prices in India are regulated by government. So the competition for price becomes quite still. All the companies in the industry have to pay the same amount for fuel. Now companies can increase or decrease the prices depending on the services they provide. A premium service provider, of course, would charge the prices for its services.EthicalIndians are highly ethical people. They always make a trade off between what is right and what is wrong before they make any purchase decision. For example, if a company says that 50% of their contributions will go for the charity, then Indians are more likely to buy products or services of that company. Kingfisher airline gives value for the money. It is Indias only five star airline service provider. Hence, considered ethical.Porters 5 Forces for Kingfisher AirlinesThreats from competitorsThe level of threat from the domestic competitors is very high. Competitors like Jet Airways, Indian are some o f the old well established players in the market which prove to be strong competitors for the emerging Kingfisher AirlinesThreats from new entrantsThe level of threat from new entrants is quite low such as Virgin Atlantic, Qantas. The major players in the Indian aviation industry form an obstacle to foreign airlines and moreover Indian flyers prefer to have an Indian experience on the flight.Threats of substitutesThe introduction of high speed trains, high tech buses and other means of transport has given more options to people to travel. Aviation in India is booming and with the entry of several new players in the market competition has stiffened. In such a scenario it is imperative for any airline to build its brand and have a focused marketing strategy in placeBargaining power of suppliersThe bargain power of suppliers is medium. For example, Airbus and Boeing are the major aircraft manufacturers and there arent many aircraft manufacturers other than these two, this confines Kin gfishers options therefore the bargaining power of Airbus or Boeing increases. In case of other suppliers such as caters the bargaining power of the suppliers is low therefore Kingfisher has many other options of caters to contract to.Bargaining power of customersThe bargaining power of the customers is low since kingfisher is designed to meet the total comfort and value for money therefore customers arent reluctant to pay a little more sum to gain this experience.Competition AnalysisKingfishers only strong obstacle proves to be Jet Airways, since Jet has control on both ends of the market and secondly it has penetrated into the international market as well. Benchmarking against Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines has acquired Air Deccan which was one of the most profitable low cost airlines, hence kingfisher too has entered in the lower end of the market but bearing in mind that they havent changed the name Deccan to Kingfisher Airlines so that the brand doesnt lower. Kingfisher is st ill testing the lower end of the market with Deccan. Kingfisher is also going to start non-stop flights to US so as to foray into the international market.

Business Studies Motivation Report Essay

1.1- The following report is selected to discover and explain the motivational speculation know as possible action Z. system Z is a motivation theory which was discovered and created by Dr. William Ouchi and is known as the so-cal conduct Japanese guidance style. Dr. William Ouchis theory Z was based on Dr. W. Edwards Demings famous 14 points. Deming was an Ameri discharge scholar whose management and motivation theories were rejected in the coupled States, he then went on to help lay the foundation of Japanese organizational development during their expansion in the world economy in the 1980s, from at that place on this is where Dr William Ouchi created the motivational theory Theory Z1.2Here I make created a timeline of the motivational theories to show how they have evolved.1943 Abraham Maslow A theory of Human Motivation. This is Maslows hierarchy of needs where at that place is a pyramid, at the bottom of the pyramid there is the physiological things required such as breathing, food, water. At the top there is the self-actualization, such as morality, creativity, problem solving. 1960 Douglas McGregor Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X and Theory Y consist of two very different types of management. Theory X believes that no one enjoys hammer and employees are lazy and require force so their field of study it complete. Theory Y believes that people enjoy work and has a friendlier atmosphere. McGregor in any case combined his theory with Maslows in saying the bottom one-half of the triangle was Theory X needs and the top half was Theory Y needs. 1980 Dr. William Ouchi Theory Z. This theory is fairly recent and has developed from all of the theories. Dr. William Ouchi has combined all the motivational theories and created the theory Z, this theory is what I exit be doing my report on.In the 1970s and 1980s, many United States industries lost market share to international competitors, particularly Japanese companies. Concerns about the competi tiveness of U. S. companies led some to examine Japanese management practices for clues to the success enjoyed by many of their industries. This led to many articles and books purporting to explain the success of Japanese companies. It was in this atmosphere that Theory Z was introduced into the management lexicon.1.3Theory Zs main attributes consist of combined motivational theories. This theory makes assumptions that the workers tend to want to build happy and intimate operative relationships. Theory Z also states that theory Z workers need to be supported by the company and they highly value a working environment. These workers have a very considerably developed sense of order, discipline and an arrangement to work hard. Un same(p) McGregors Theory X workers, Theory Z employees can be trusted and to work hard so long as their managers can be trusted to support them according to Ouchis Theory Z. I will be focusing on applying this theory to the workforce in the Holiday centre a s the organisations communication is not of a good standard as well as the company being unorganised.1.4This Theory fits the organisation I have chosen as the within this oeuvre there needs to be good working relationships as well as trust, yet there still needs to be discipline and an obligation to work hard. The organisation that I am fitting this theory to is a Holiday Parks swimming pussy located in a rural town.Application 2.1Within the workplace of the Holiday Parks Swimming pool sector, there are issues mingled with the pool managers and the module (lifeguards) on poolside. The pool managers have adopted Douglas McGregors Theory Y motivation theory. The pool managers have built strong relationships with the staff so therefore making it touchy for the pool managers to come across as strict. William Ouchis theory Z motivation theory is suited for this situation as it combines strong relationships between staff, like a clan culture but the theory still retains some elemen ts of bureaucratic hierarchies, such as formal authority relationships, performance evaluation, and some work specialization. Therefore the pool managers would still be able to have their relationship but still keep their authority over the lifeguards.2.1.1 Pros This theory would apply well to this organisation because it keeps the respect of the hierarchies within the business as well as keeping the relationships that have been built throughout work2.1.2 Cons The cons of this theory is that having this relationship between the pool manager and lifeguards existing at all could cause some problems to their relationship outside of work due to the lifeguards disapproving of being told what to do by their friend or by being jealous of their friend having a higher paid, more responsibilities job. Douglas McGregors theory X would be more suitable for the pool managers.2.2The lifeguards within this company are unmotivated and have low morale, this then results in the lifeguards being ups et and strict, stopping people from enjoying themselves. This is a epic issue for the company because with unhappy staff comes unhappy customers. The lifeguards require motivation and need to feel more like a clan culture, they need job satisfaction this is where Theory Z would be suitable. The theory would suit to this situation because Theory Z encourages and emphasizes individual contribution and responsibility. Theory Z also emphasizes communication, collaboration, and consensus in decision making. If the lifeguards had theory Z applied to them, they would feel more inclined to work.2.2.1 Pros The pros of this is that with the lifeguards having their own responsibility and contributions, they will feel more satisfaction and value by the company, it will give the employees self-confidence therefore resulting in a stronger workforce.2.2.2 Cons The cons of this theory applying to this situation is that the staff could get too much on their hand and take on to responsibilities and result in making a decision before consulting anyone else, the individual contribution and responsibilities could be taken advantage of.Conclusion The theory fits the situations well due to the theory applying relationships to the workforce yet still retaining the job authority so the respect is not lost from a lower staff member to a member of a higher job. The theory also applies individual contribution and creates a self of value towards the company by the staff as they feel their opinion is wanted, as well as their confidence within the workforce and company increases.

Postives and Negatives of Mobile Phones Essay

Investigate how the purchase of champion electrical item may take a shit a positive or a interdict impact on heap. I exit be proclaiming on the positives and negatives of restless ph angiotensin converting enzymes. I separatelyow foring investigate how they post be sustain able as well as how they be not sustainable for the future. I will discuss various negative as well as positive issues comparable the health information regarding peregrine thinks. How expeditious bring forwards has assistanceed the offshoot of various countries. Also how bustling phones atomic number 18 impacting child labour and human rights. Other issues like riots and Arab springs will in addition be make knowned on in great detail.I will research the brisk company. I did simple research to find out which phone everybody has. This graph clearly indicates that around mountain I researched welcome Nokia. Nokia in 1967, well it would get under ones skin been difficult to predict how successful Nokia was going to begin as they started off selling common products like wellington boots. in that respect H. Q is located in Finland. The research and discipline of Nokia is located in Finland, Spain, and china, Denmark, Germany and England. The production of Nokia is located in UK, India, Brazil, Mexico, and china, Finland, Romania and Hungary.I will also turn up the issue around how Colton is causing a bad effect on countries like Congo. I will seek different quite a littles views for an unbiased study into this investigation. The winding phone subscription has subjoin from 2002 and 2007 in every part of the world. Europe had the biggest increase in lively phone subscriptions as its increased from 51,000 inhabitants to 111,000 inhabitants. This is beca procedure up Europe is the richest continent in the world so it can afford for people to demoralize one or multiple phones to their likings. Asia has the biggest increase in developing continents. Africa is t he fastest-growing mobile market in the world.The GSM Association report on Africa says It expects on that point will be more than 735 million subscribers by the end of 2012. Analysts say that there is soaring physical exertion of mobile phones since the landline is bad and expensive. Now almost every adult, child and domestic pet seems to have one, given that 30 million phones be sold every year in UK. Everyone seems to have a mobile phone. More than a billion mobile phone connections have been added to the world-wide tally in just 18 months, according to wireless intelligence.Read more active Phone Essay IntroductionMore than 10 billion phones have been sold worldwide since 1994. This indicates how the usage of mobile phones has increased. This device has become part of the fabric of ordering, whether a teenage girl taking a blackberry to bed with her, or a farmer in a African village laborious to find out the latest browse prices. Mobile phones have become a part of soc iety all around the world. With 5 billion phones there argon more mobile phones apply then(prenominal) personal computers. Five billion phones means there ar more than three times as many phones than personal computers. It is said to believe that the market for mobile phones is likely to explode in the future. There are more people using a mobile phone than ever as oer 70% of the world is mobile enforcers.This is because the ever decreasing value of old phones means that mobile phones will be more affordable. In addition in this modern generation its socially considered lofty to not have a phone. So from that social peer pressure everyone instantaneouslya solar days has a phone. 92% of the mobile phones users cant get through a day without using their phones. This means most people use their phones every day and they are playing a important role in their lifes. 14% of the people have 2 or more mobile phones meaning they use multiple mobiles for multiple uses, For example one c heap phone for just telephone calling abroute and one for luxury uses like entertainment.On average people in Britain fudge 2. 8 calls a day and 3. 6 text messages a day. 85% of children worldwide own a phone but single 30% of children have gate to a book. This just shows how kids these days have own a phone preferably than a book meaning more people have a phone rather than the tools needed for learning. Leapfrogging is the concept that areas which have poorly-developed technology or economic bases can terminate themselves forward fleetly through the adoption of new systems without going through intermediary steps..More recently idea of leapfrogging is being used in the situation of sustainable development for developing countries as a theory of development which may hurry development by skipping less efficient, more expensive or more polluting technologies and industries and move directly to more advanced ones. We watch this happening all around us you dont need a 20th co ke industrial base to build a 21st century bio/Nano/information economy. An example of leapfrogging is the adoption of mobile phones in the developing world.Its easier and quicker to put in electric cellular towers in rural and distant areas than to put in land lines, and as an outcome, cellular use is exploding. As we know, mobile phone use already exceeds land line use in India, and by 2007, 150 million phone lines there will be cellular. There are alike examples from all over the world. Positives There are many positives for mobile phones. First one being that communication is now easier. More mobile phones for people meaning getting in touch with people are more than easier than before.The independent by Diane Coyle said in an article for how the mobile phone has given hope to a new generation of African people. She starts off by saying Imagine your husband mildews a itinerary from home with short(p) chance to visit you. This is benefit for people who use mobile phones. Its easier for the husband to stay in contact with the wife when they dont get to see each other as often. This is untroubled for anyone as they can keep connected to their families abroad. This is socially sustainable as people can be attached to their families with more ease.This is advantage for a mobile phone is actually interesting as a report by the BBC (http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/technology-14465546) say that mobile phones could help natural law investigation over against rioters. The riots in the summer in the UK is said to be coordinate via friends using a mobile phone. til now BBC reports that Investigators can apply to see the contents of text and instant messages, as well as their location. This indicates that mobile phones are helping police to inspect criminal activity. The police can help keep the country safe by gathering criminals with the help of mobile phones.This is socially sustainable as mobile phones are helping keep the society safe. Mobile phones help busi nesses as they can dispel mobiles to their employees which can be used for sending emails or conference calls. This helps the business connect well with its employees. This is socially sustainable as the employees are associated to the business at all times. Apps can be purchased for gaming, maps or utilities. This commonly done over the mobile internet however in most Asian countries like India the GPRS is not strong meaning very slow. So people come to shops like Mobiworld to buy apps offline.This is great for customers scatty apps downloaded without the use of the internet. Also this is creating an employment for the people in India selling apps offline. More people have access to mobiles than to a landline in Africa as fixed visit lines are expensive whereas mobiles are cheaper. Mobiles are cheaper because the infrastructure is less expensive as you dont have to build line for the telephone. This was also quoted in the same article. This is nifty for mobile users in LEDCs a s they can have a cheaper agency of communication as they dont need to build the rather expensive infrastructure for the telephone line.This is economically sustainable as mobile phones are cheaper than fixed line phones. In the same article, mobile phones gave another form of employment. In Kwa Phake in South Africa a hairdresser had set up a sideline renting out access to a car battery. This is keen as it gives the workers in South Africa another form of income. This indicates how mobile phones are helping people to gain work and employment. This is good for the workers of South Africa as they can gain extra cash on top of their normal work to provide shelter and food for the families of these people in South Africa.This is economically sustainable as theres another form of employment in the country for them to make money on. Another positive, I found out from the article was that mobile costs are cheaper than bus fares. In the article respondents to the surveyed and compared th e call costs and cost in money and time of a round-trip bus journey into town. This is good as it means mobile phones are easier as well as cheaper to buyer. This is good for people in LEDCs who have low amounts of wealth as they can buy a mobile phone. There are newsagents and little shops in markets selling pre-paid phone cards.This is another source of employment that mobile phone brings for people. These pre-paid cards are sold all over the country providing work in LEDCs and MEDCS. This is economically sustainable as mobile phones are providing work for people. Nokia, one of the leading mobile companies selling mobile phones are trying to make mobile phones as sustainable for the future. In 2007 we first introduced renewable materials with the Nokia 3110 Evolve, with 50% of its cover made from bio plastics. This is good as this means the materials used are better for the environment. 0% more bio plastic meaning its environmentally friendly as the Bio plastics made from natural materials such as corn starch. This is good for nokias reputation as a eco-friendly mobile company.Also it helps the planet as the mobile phones will be more bio-degradable. This in addition also helping us buy phones which have materials which are good for the environment. This positive is environmentally positive as its as the materials are better for the world. Bio plastics can be recycled meaning 50% of the materials can be recycled. 100% of the materials in Nokia devices can be used again and again to make new products or generate energy. Nokia is using materials that can be used again for new products or for energy.This is good as when a Nokia is recycled nothing is wasted but in fact used for other products or to generate energy. This is environmentally friendly for the planet. Also the users of Nokia are in peace knowing there phone is going to be used in a eco-friendly way at the end of its product life. This is environmentally sustainable as using recycled materials is goo d for the environment.There are companies like envirofone. They recycle your old phones and give you the value of your old phone. This is good for the mobile users as they can recycle and gain money which could go to their possible next phone. Also its good for Envirofone as they can sell the materials that can be reused for other products. Overall its good for the environment as the mobile phones are recycled meaning this is environmentally sustainable. I did primary research in what people do with their old phones and the research Cleary shows that over half the people use mobile recycling websites like envirofone.Arab springs have helped people realise the important and how powerful mobile phones can be. It is also true that mobile phones represent the main tool that provided protesters with the opportunity to spread their voices and contribution their values with the entire world. The people of Egypt were able to share what they thought and share to the world. This was becaus e they wanted a change in dictatorship. They shared images and video with the help of the consumption of a camera. Not only were the millions of camera phones recording.People would share these images on phone speedily with the help of social networking site apps on phones. This has helped people in Egypt to use mobile phones to gain exemption and to get their point across to the world. Mobile phones can be seen as the main device that gave license and justice to international information. This is politically sustainable as mobile phones are helping countries gain political freedom. I found information on this issue by using this link http//credemus. org/images/stories/reports/mobile-phones-and-the-arab-spring. pdf. Negatives There are numerous negatives for mobile phones.They cause car accidents when drivers are not paying attention on the road but on their phone. An article stated Drivers distracted by talking or texting on cell phones killed an estimated 16,000 people from 200 1 to 2007. This affects car owners, their families and other people travelling on the road. This is socially unsustainable as drivers are move not only there lifes in danger but the other people on the roads. Riots are another disadvantage to mobile phones. People are creating crime with the help of the mobile phone.This is socially unsustainable for the community as people may fear to go outside in upshot a riot occurs. This is also economically unsustainable as the council would have to pay for the damages caused by the riots. I did primary research on when people got their first phone. This graph clearly shows us that most people get Their phones early. As mobile phones are very cheap to buy, its affordable for the youth to have mobile phones. Although this has meant increase in bullying via the mobile phone. This affects children, teens and parents. This is socially unsustainable for the society of the youth.In addition to most children having mobile phones, they are forgettin g to spell words correctly as the English is abbreviated. This is socially unsustainable as when the children are doing school work or exams they use abbreviations Mr Shortis, a former chief examiner for English voice communication A-level at the exam board AQAB, said he had rarely seen textisms used in A-level papers. But examiners had seen them crop up at GCSE. He said Between 11 and 16, children often change their language to gestate their social difference or identity.Using text message abbreviations in exam answers is the verbal similar of wearing a hoodie. http//www. tes. co. uk/article. aspx? storycode=2341958) This is also economically unsustainable as bad English could worsen his future prospects for a good job. There have been many studies done to find correlation between mobile phone and health. Even though there are no evidence of harm linked with using mobile phones. There has been many speculation to their being harm from mobile phone. The World Health Organizations cancer research agency says mobile phones are possibly carcinogenic. (This quote taken from BBC report on Mobiles may cause brain cancer) this affects all mobile users around the globe.This is socially unsustainable as its a possibility that mobile phones may cause some kind of harm like brain tumour. No proof that mobile phones are harmful. Sir William said children under eight should not use mobile phones at all. (http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/health/4163003. stm)In) my primary research 5-10 is the age company that bought their phones first. This affects children as they are at more risk than adults as perceived by the article. Latest mobile phones are very expensive. This economically unsustainable as most people wont be able to afford it.This affects all mobile users and latest mobile prices are ever rising. Although more people buy contract so they dont have pay all of the money at once. However this could lead to debt when people go overboard on minutes, texts or internet us age. This impacts all mobile users with contract. This primary research shows more people use the plan contract. This could lead to a spiraling debt due to increase pay monthly contract subscriptions. Old phones are very expensive to recycle as the high toxicity of electronic waste makes its safe disposal expensive especially in countries with strict environmental regulations.This is economically unsustainable for the world as it probably costs more to recycle than to actually make the phone. So it is sent to LEDCs for example China, They sort out the good parts that can be recycled or reused. The environmental regulations in China are not strict meaning that workers do labour without any health and safety restrictions meaning all the toxic chemicals from the phone damages the health of the Chinese workers. This is environmentally unsustainable as E-waste is gathered which releases harmful toxins which pollutes the world with harmful chemicals as there are weak environmental regulat ions.

Terrorism Case Study

Caless (2012) defines consternationism as the brat or use of violence to go on a political agenda for change by inducing widespread fear. However, experts have been debating oer a clear definition for terrorism for over nose smokedy years. Although the word was first used over 200 years ago when discussing the Reign of Terror (Whitaker, 2001). Consequently, at that place have been over 100 definitions offered for terrorism (Laqueur, 1977, cited in Martin, 2013). Alex Schmids (2004) research to a fault represents the lack of clarity adjoin the definition.And most experts believe that an impartial and universal recognised definition will never be concord upon (Ganor, 2002). With the lack of clarity border the definition, a further question arises who is classed as a terrorist? This is reflected in the well up kn avow phrase one mans freedom fighter, is another mans terrorist. (Gerald Seymour, 1975, cited in Ganor, 2002). Overall, it is agreed, that this depends on the subj ective viewpoint of the man-to-man (Ganor, 2002 Jackson, 2008 Corte, 2007).The Just War doctrine is an ideal and moralistic philosophy (Martin, 2013). It asks questions such as what types of force argon morally acceptable? and who can morally be defined as an enemy? This notion is commonly used by ideological and religious extremists, in order to justify their possess acts of extreme violence. A prime example of religious extremists is the jihadi Islamic fundamentalists, the term jihad means a divine struggle but is manifested by ab appear radical Muslim clerics as a holy state of war and therefore perceived that their war is a just war (Martin, 2013).This paper will endeavour to answer the question Did University College London (UCL) further radicalise Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab? There have been many debates, theories and investigations surrounding this question, many of which will be analysed throughout. Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab (born 22 December 1986) is a Nigerian Islam ist who attempted to detonate plastic explosives in his underwear whilst travelling from Amsterdam to Detroit, on Christmas Day 2009, on the Northwest Airlines Flight 253. In January 2005 Abdulmutallab joined an Islamic fabrication under the pseudonym Farouk1986 (Now Public, 2009).He frequently contributed to the assembly. His postings normally gave advice to other assembly members, although on occasion he verbalised more than personal views. These included his jihad fantasies, describing how Muslims will win and rule the world and prays to Allah to unite us all Muslims and strive us victory over those who do not believe. The majority of his postings illustrate his loneliness and his struggle to contain his sexual drive, and he goes on to flout fellow forum users to limit their activities to Islamically good and to only hang around with good Muslims who enjoy studying.Throughout his postings in the forum he maintains that he is memorising the Quran (Islamic Forum, 2005). These postings illustrate that Abdulmutallabs views on the Islamic religion, atomic number 18 very similar to Salafism or Olivier Roys neo-fundamentalism (see Social Science Research Council). This is shown with his fixation on personal faith, and is in addition portrayed when he praises Shaykhs Saud as-Shuraim and Abdul Rahman as Sudais (Islamic Forum, 2005). Another radical Muslim he mentions is Abdullah el-Faisal, who is currently in prison in the UK for influencing his supporters to murder Jews, Hindus and Americans (Forest, 2012).Some of the media (Gardham, 2009) cogitate on Abdulmutallabs love for football and this is clearly seen within his postings online. However, by November 15th 2005, he had turned once against it stating permits save our honor and religion and try to stay away from football and do uninfected activities that are more Islamically beneficial running, paintball, archery (or any other sport of the like that teaches how to target and aim). (Islamic Forum, 2 005). There are many different theories as to where Abdulmutallab was further radicalised, the one that will be discussed in this paper is the disaster hat University College London (UCL) and its Islamic Society were the perpetrators. During the investigation of the attempted outrage of Flight 253, the University College of London (UCL) had held their own investigation of their Islamic Society and although the evidence holds strongly against them, as will be seen throughout this paper, they came to their own conclusion that there was no evidence to suggest either that Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab was radicalised while a student at UCL, or that conditions at UCL during that clipping or subsequently were conducive to the radicalisation of students. (UCL, 2010). Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab began university, in September 2005, during a blossom of Islamist activity in the UK, there were events organised by Ikhwan (Ikhwan Web, 2005)and Jamaat-e-Islami inspired groups that were cosmos held weekly and their influence over British Islam was steadily increasing (Hitchens, 2010). This year is an important one, as the emergence of the first Islamic free-enterprise(a) groups in Bangladesh (Kabir, 2005) were seen and Islam became the official religion of Iraq (Islamopedia Online).British Islamists were exploiting the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and implicating the horse opera governments with the war on Islam and Muslims, (Hitchens, 2010). According to Islamists, occidental Muslims, had a duty to stand up for their religion and fight back using peaceful methods (OConnor, 2012). The Stop police force Terror lecture was given by Awlaki at the East London Mosque in 2003 (YouTube, 2011). The listed supporters of this group could be found on the Stop Political Terror website, and interestingly UCL was among this list (Stop Political Terror, 2003-2005).The aims of this weight-lift was to urge Muslims to fight against the anti-terrorist police and to alert them of the deteri orating situation in the UK and the scale of arrests, raids and abuse meted out against Muslims by Anti-Terrorist Police. The sweat statement also included a clear warning Britains Muslims, as a community, will hold out to cooperate with the law enforcement authoritiesifthis abuse continues. (Stop Political Terror, 2003-2005). During this time, the Federation of Student Islamic Societies (FOSIS) ran another campaign alongside Stop Political Terror. , issuing further explicit statements -previously, it was Muslims themselves under approaching, now the agenda is to attack Islam, its principles New laws making it an offence aim to divide and weaken the Muslim community. And The relative concept of extremism is being used to condemn Muslims from very diverse political viewpoints. (Hitchens, 2010). The perception of a Western war on Islam is one of the linchpin recruitment legal documents of global jihadist groups like al-Qaeda (Home Office, 2011).Therefore, it is clear that A bdulmutallab was absorbed in an protesting setting, and this appeared to him to give value and objective, to his already pre-existing neo-fundamentalist attitude and personal discontent (loneliness). It is also apparent from his previous online statements, that he was vulnerable to the indoctrination I hope to get over my loneliness when I go to university where there are usually Islamic groups and clubs with good Muslims (Islamic Forum, 2005).His obsession with Islam is clearly illustrated with the amount of time he devoted to the group, and afterward a year of starting university he was already chairman of UCLs Islamic Society (Irvine, 2009). Terrorist groups are also known to use the media to their advantage. As terrorism is not limited to specific locales or regions and the media has allowed everybody to witness some form of terror. Knowing this terrorist groups can therefore understand the power of the images and manipulate them to their advantage (Martin, 2013).Gus Martin (2 013) explains the media frenzy surrounding terrorism, and outlines the 21st century as being an era of globalized terrorism. Another key recruitment tool that jihad groups use is the profit (US Department of Defense, 2007). Sites such as Facebook, (Torok, 2011) and the creation of websites that can be regionalised. Although governments manage the websites and, if necessary shut them down, another website can be made and the process can start again (McNeal, 2008). It is clear that Abdulmutallab was a fan of internet use, with his frequent postings on the Islamic Forum.Awlaki could also be an key element in the jihad internet recruitment process. The media present him as the Bin Laden of the internet (Madhani 2010 CNN, 2011). He wasa Muslim lecturer and spiritual leader who had been accused of being a sr. al-Qaeda effective global recruiter (Telegraph, 2012) and motivator. He is thought to have given a series of moving-picture show link lectures at the East London Mosque (Gilligan , 2010). They however, categorically deny this ever took place, and deny that Abdulmutallab even go to the Mosque (East London Mosque, 2010). The University of Westminster Islamic Society are alleged to have ties with Awlaki.Another Islamic Forum announced him as a guest at University of Westminster Islamic Society Annual Dinner in 2006 (Ummah Forum, 2006). Along with these connections Awlaki is also suspected to have had recruited Abdulmutallab before the attack. According to Fox News, an FBI bulletin states that Awlaki showed Abdulmutallab how to detonate the bomb (Catherine Herridge, 2011). Research carried out by the University of Cambridge suggest that the majority of new British Muslims are opposed to political Islam, and are more likely to join Amnesty foreign (Cambridge University, 2008).This was criticised, when Anthony Glees accused Cambridge of trying to prove that British universities are not hotbeds of Islamic radicalism and called the research flimsy and uncompellin g (Lipsett, 2008). Their research was argued against by the Centre for Social Cohesion (CSC), who stated that Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab was radicalised at University College London, and goes on to describe British universities as the breeding grounds of Islamic extremism(Centre for Social Cohesion, 2010).They describe themselves as the Centre that has been at the forefront of the debate on what role Universities should play in ensuring that British students do not fall victim to the ideology of violent Islamism. (Centre for Social Cohesion, 2010). They went on to completely diverge Cambridge Universities report, and suggested within the report that Islamic extremism will flourish. This statement was further supported when Abdulmutallab became the fifth president of a UK Islamic society to face terrorist charges (Weiss, 2011).The vulnerability of Abdulmutallab along with the recruitment tools of jihadist groups illustrate how easily individuals can slip beyond this porous boundary rapidly and very often unnoticed. Since the September 11th attack on the World Trade Center, it has become apparent that infrastructure are focusing on mobilising Western Muslims to commit lone-wolf terror (RUSI, 2012). This evidence is supported by the ICSR (2011) who describe Awlakis role as ideological or else than operational and explain that the greatest threat he poses is the mobilisation of Western Muslims through his sermons and therefore expanding the jihadi movement.Umar Farouk Abdulmutallabs extremist views are apparent very early on. Although, as his loneliness grew, so did his radical views. It appears that he was trying to fight his urges to act upon these views time after time. Abdulmutallab was quite clearly an extremist turned terrorist, as it is clearly defined by Martin (2013) extremists who violently act out their extremist beliefs are terrorists. It is clear that his time at UCL and within the Islamic Society unquestionably played a part in Abdulmutallabs furt her radicalisation when examining the evidence discussed.It is also remarkable to see that UCL was among the list of supporters of the Stop Police Terror campaigns, almost condemn themselves of the radicalisation. They contradicted themselves when they released their findings that no evidence to suggest that conditions at UCL are conducive to the radicalisation of students. (UCL, 2010). It is noted that Cambridge Universitys flimsy research could support the UCLs outcome, but consequently could this research, with their bad press, also diminish their findings.Overall, there are many factors that led to the radicalisation of Abdulmutallab, his state of mind, his vulnerability, and the people that he was associated with within the Islamic Society. Therefore, the UCL was not completely at fault, it was also the fundamentalists, that infiltrated the system and took advantage of a vulnerable, young Muslim. References Caless, B (2012) Terrorism and Political Violence Introduction, Ov erview and the Problem with Definitions. (Accessed 5 December 2012). Cambridge University (2008) Campus radicalism fears too extreme? lendable at http//www. cam. ac. k/research/news/campus-radicalism-fears-too-extreme/ (Accessed 5 December 2012). CNN Online (2011) Al-Awlaki Who was he? , CNN Online, usable at http//security. blogs. cnn. com/2011/09/30/al-awlaki-who-was-he/ (Accessed 5 December, 2012). De La Corte, L (2007) Explaining Terrorism A Psychosocial ApproachPerspectives on Terrorism, North America, Vol. No. 2 Online operational at . (Accessed 5 Dec. 2012). East London Mosque (2010) East London Mosque and London Muslim Centre logical argument on Anwar Awlaki Online ready(prenominal) at http//www. astlondonmosque. org. uk/uploadedImage/pdf/2010_11_07_15_44_46_Awlaki%20Statement%206%20Nov10%20-%20Full%20Statement. pdf (Accessed 5 December, 2012) East London Mosque (2010) Sunday Mirror publish elm letter Online Available at http//www. eastlondonmosque. org. uk/archive/ news/243 (Acccessed 5 December, 2012). Forest, J (2012) Perception Challenges Faced by Al-Qaeda on the Battlefield of Influence Warfare. Perspectives on Terrorism, North America, Vol. 6, No. 2. Online Available at . (Accessed 05 Dec. 2012). Ganor, B. (2002) Defining Terrorism- Is wizard Mans Terrorist Another Mans Freedom Fighter? . International Institute for Counter-Terrorism Online. Available at http//www. ict. org. il/ResearchPublications/tabid/64/Articlsid/432/Default. aspxDefining_Terrorism_The_Present_Situation (Accessed 1 December 2012). Gardham, D. (2009) Detroit bomber internet forum traces journey from lonely schoolboy to Islamic fundamentalist, The Telegraph, 30 December 2009 Online. Available at http//www. telegraph. o. uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6910776/Detroit-bo mber-internet-forum-traces-journey-from-lonely-schoolboy-to-Islamic-fundamentalist. hypertext markup language. (Accessed 5 December 2012). Gilligan, A (2010) East London Mosque the terrorist questio n and the lies, The Telegraph, 2 November 2010 Online. Available at http//blogs. telegraph. co. uk/news/andrewgilligan/100061920/east-london-mosque-the-terrorist-connection-and-the-lies/ (Accessed 5 December 2012). Gregory S. McNeal (2008). Cyber Embargo Countering the Internet Jihad, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, vol. 9, pp. 789-826. Online Available at http//works. bepress. com/gregorymcneal/15 (Accessed 1 December 2012) Herridge, C (2011). Awlaki happy Suspected Christmas Jet Bomber How to Detonate Underwear, Document Reveals. Fox News, 4 October 2011 Online Available athttp//www. foxnews. com/us/2011/10/04/al-awlaki-trained-suspected-christmas-day-jet-bomber-how-to-detonate-underwear/ixzz2ECpGaSXS (Accessed5 December 2012). Hitchens, A (2010) The Making of the Christmas Day Bomber, Current Trends in Islamist Ideology, Vol. 10 Online. Available at http//currenttrends. rg/research/detail/the-making-of-the-christmas-day-bomber (Accesed 29 November 2012). Home Office (2011) Contest The United Kingdoms Strategy for Countering terrorism. London The Stationery Office. (Cm. 8123). Online Available at http//www. homeoffice. gov. uk/publications/counter-terrorism/counter-terrorism-strategy/strategy-contest? view=Binary (Accessed 2 December 2012). ICSR (The International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation)(2011) ICSR Insight How Anwar al-Awlaki Became the Face of Western Jihad. Online Available at http//icsr. nfo/2011/09/icsr-insight-how-anwar-al-awlaki-became-the-face-of-western-jihad/ (Accessed 5 December, 2012). Irvine, C (2009) Detroit terror attack suspect president of university Islamic society, The Telegraph, 29 December 2009 Online. Available at http//www. telegraph. co. uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/6902785/Detroit-terror-attack-suspect-president-of-university-Islamic-society. html (Accessed 5 December, 2012) Ikhwan Web (2005) International Religious Freedom Report 2005. Available at http//www. ikhwanweb. com/article. php? id =13543&ref=search. php

Religion…True or False? Essay

For galore(postnominal) quite a little theology represents a shipment or devotion to religious faith or observance. Within this commitment encompasses a personal class or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, workouts or system of beliefs held to with ardor and reliance. In Kurt Vonneguts rolls Cradle, Vonnegut introduces a piety kn have got as Bokononism, which epitomizes a standard foundation built upon naught more than foma Lies (Vonnegut 191). Bokononism revolve aroundes on opuss need for a theology, even though Vonnegut believes there is no much(prenominal) thing.He expresses his beliefs of Divine Province, while making fun of Christianity, satirizing the notion that completely righteousnesss atomic number 18 zip fastener more than lies. Religion gives adult maley people a feeling of security because they believe that a reverent office staff watches alone over them and promises them salvation and either happiness or the chance to improve themselves in a demeanor after death. Bokononism is a religion based on lies, while Christianity is a based near the life and teachings of Christ and the sacred scripture of the Bible. Hence, the question is whether or not society bases religion, mainly Christianity, upon goose egg more than foma itself.Bokononism breathed life when first founded by a Negro man named Lionel Boyd pottyson. The name Bokonon surfaced due to the fact that it rendered to be the pronunciation given the name Johnson in the islands English dialect (Vonnegut 108). Bokonon creates the religion for the people of a sm on the whole Caribbean island c solelyed San Lorenzo he then makes it a point that he and hisreligion be outlawed, and that those caught practicing it ar to be killed (Lundquist 37) by punishment of being hanged on the dreaded hook. Such an atrocity becomes enacted so the people will be happy and totally content, for by taking part in the religion that all people on the island practice, the y partake in a rebellious action and can take the focus from their horribly useless lives. The idea is for that the religion and the government to constantly oppose each other, with Bokonon the virtuous prohibit, concealing from it all.The dogmas that make up Bokononism consist of a language itself that is amusing, yet serves to outline an approach to life that has considerable magical spell (Lundquist 37) in which assists in capturing the true essence behind the religion. Coincidentally resembling deliverer and the bible, Bokonon relies on his vast contour of language, and his Books of Bokonon.His language consists of several significant key concepts such as a karass, which is a team of people that does theologys will without ever discovering what they are doing (Vonnegut 2), thus revealing that if you find your life tangled up with approximatelybody elses life for no very logical reasons, writes Bokonon, that person may be a member of your karass (Simons 45). In The Books of Bokonon, Bokonon mainly comprises them of calypsos and such on religion, life, and perceptions. More importantly however exists the theory of propelling Tension. Such a theory embodies the belief of good versus evil, and maintaining the ongoing tension between the two. To draw a parallel, is the incident of the Garden of Good and Evil within Christianity.Christianity happened to be instituted on the existence and philosophy of rescuer Christ. messiah Christs life began after he was baptized by Saint John when he thirty years old. He set out with a certain ambition, being that he sought to announce that the Kingdom of God was coming, and that it had begun to arrive even as He announced it (Callan 2). Jesus established this ambition both verbally and physically by utilizing His phenomenon and philosophies. In addition, Jesus also preformed many miracles, in which he made reputable as to the benefit of other people not Himself. Among such miracles include changing water into wine, walking on the sea, healing sick people, alleviating the pain of the suffering, restoring sight to the blind, and restoring to the disable people the ability to use their limbs again (Callan 2). Overall, most Christians of society believe that Jesus portrays the bona fide savior that will, in the end, resuscitate forgivingity.Bokononism starts with a creation event, which mocks the Christian creation account. In Bokonons tale of creation God creates man and woman out of mud, rather than dust, and he concludes by allowing them to define their own purpose. While the deflection between dust and mud seem insignificant, the purpose for humanity may be quite different. Bokonon tells man that his purpose in life is defined by himself, and not by God. Here on the glacial end of this, Christianity holds that every persons purpose in life bestows to bring honor and nimbus cloud to God, whether provided by preaching the good news (Gospel) or by practicing good works toward man, and lettin g the halo of God shine outward through them (Callan 1).Compared to Christianity, Bokononism does not specifically talk of mans precipitate into sin, however, it does somewhat infer that Bokonon first preached on the folly of understanding and the hollowness of truth and human stupidity, which he ultimately won the people of San Lorenzo over with. Bokonon preached on mans sin right from the beginning, alike(p) to what may be depicted through the garden of Good and Evil in Christianity. As ministrant as Bokononism was, as devoid of false pieties as it was, as concerned as it was with human decency and the compulsion of having a sense of purpose (Lundquist 39) it, in the end, is nothing more then the notion of living life by the foma that makes you brave and kind and healthy and happy (Simons 39).Christianity often refers to good works as the doctrine of Sanctification (Knight 5). This doctrine begins with the understanding that man is sinful, and will be sinful until the day he dies. Regardless of what man does or tries to accomplish on earth, he will always be sinful, and will continue to downslope into sin lurching ever so quickly toward eternal death and damnation (Knight 5-6). Vonnegut seems to perceive, like many, that Christians feel because they are spotless before the eyes of the Lord, that they can thus do what they please. The Holy Spirit corroborates work in a Christians life, and may even be responsible for the faith which breeds within a Christian. The basic principle behind sanctification is that the death of Christ, which the Holy Spirit has given faith in, is the inspiration and the power which pushes a Christian to do good works. Hence, this encompasses the doctrine of daily life, one which a Christian yearns to practice every day, and yet may be constantly faced with a road squeeze, the road block of sin.Bokononism is a philosophy of flow, resisting entropy and harrowing the fixities that reduce societies to monomaniacal obsessions (Sim ons 47) of harmless untruths. Bokonon worships the human above all other values, (Simons 45) however, at the same time relishes in the fact that the joke of maintaining order through the religion of Bokononism, serves as a joke being played on humanity thus revealing human stupidity. Bokononism denotes the joke on Christianity, every characteristic of Bokononism can be designed to mock Christianity in some manner or another. Bokonon insists that his own religion, which he created, is filled with lies and based on nothing else, yet all of the Island of San Lorenzo believes in Bokonon (Lundquist 135).Ultimately, Bokononism refuses to blink at the hard truth of a reality it cannot alter, it nevertheless fictionalizes that reality (Simons 40). Bokononists run through to hide their religion, because the world hates and despises them for their beliefs. Much akin to the Bokononists, who are condemned to an oath of silence, Christians have to hide their voices and beliefs as well. Christia ns over time have been forced into hiding, because they are not considered politically correct and Bokononists have been shoved into hiding so as not to touch the souls of their feet, known as the art of Boko-Maru (Vonnegut 135). Simultaneously, they all enter a hiding, a hiding from the world which hates what it does not know, and what it does not know is good, and love.On the whole, Christian faith portrays the notion somewhat seeking and knowing Jesus Christ with all facets of the human character. It corresponds to loving Him with all your heart, mind, soul and enduringness therefore, certain individual and legitimate fallacies are flip sides of an error to the concept of Christianity. Underlying the error of the individualistic fallacy is the presumption that Jesus demands on societies lives in which can be satisfied by societies own efforts. The legitimate fallacy holds that there are possibly some set of rules of behavior which can be kept to earn a way into Jesus favor.The n, the next step of the fallacy can be established by insisting that, as long as society keeps Jesus rules and, thus, please Him, they are free in all other things to live their lives in their own way, entirely for their benefit, without further considering Him. We all look for ways to please Jesus, and avoid eternal punishment by simply keeping rules, with minimum actual contact with Him and without ever giving ourselves to Him. Nevertheless, this does not work that way, and the result of society pursuing religion in this way is usually horrendous, and furthermore is not a religion based on foma, or a certain principle, but based on a relationship with Jesus Christ.Prepositional vocalizeSubject VerbInfinitive PhraseAdverb ClauseParticipial PhraseAdj. Clause-ly AdverbsConjunctive AdverbGerund PhraseWorks CitedCallan, Terrance D. Jesus Christ. 31 May 2003. .Knight, Kevin. Catholic Encyclopedia Character of Jesus Chris. May 31 200. .Lundquist, James. Kurt Vonnegut. New York Frederic k Ungar publish Co., 1977.Simons, John L. Tangled Up in You A Playful Reading of Cats Cradle. Kurt Vonnegut.Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia Chelsea crime syndicate Publishers, 1990.Vonnegut, Kurt. Cats Cradle. New York Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1963.

Levi’s Strauss: a case study from an organizational plan point of view Essay

Levis is undoubtedly one of the most recognizes shit of jeans on the planet. The business found by the Strauss family in 1875, initi eachy manufactured jeans for miners out of tent frame carry and canvas. However they later shifted to manufacturing jeans from denim which gained popularity amongst miners during the California gold rush.Strategic elements of an organisational planThe wreak of developing strategical elements of an organisational plan involves three broad categories.Analysing Levis Strauss analysed its visions, mission objectives and external environments. This meant evaluation of the current market portion out and its elementation, product range of competitors and what the company may want to do about it.Decision From the findings of the analysis, the company had to sink on two main factors. What industries to try and expand into and how to be competitive in those industries. As such Levi commissioned market research agencies to carry out survey and research on t he habits and attitudes of its customer base. This was all done with the idea of moving into the high price clothing market since up until now Levi has largely produced casual dupe of the low price category. After such quantitative surveys the nightclub market was selected.This pit market comprised of Independent consumers with expensive tastes looking for classic designs which are non massed produced and rely on individual(a) styling and fitting. It was then unconquerable by Levi to carry out analysis of its target market in order to study their attitudes and behaviour in details so that further plans to enter the specific market segment can be made.It was decided by Levi to avoid direct price wars and as a declaration Levi decided to charge 10% above the prices of it closest competitors. In order to cater to the classic nonsymbiotic nature of the target market segment, Levi also decided to distribute through quality departmental chisel in chains.The terminal stage of the close making process involved carrying out tests for accept susceptibility. This was done through the intent of consumer discussion panels take by psychologists and were targeted at seeking out the real motivations behind the way the target market behaved. This led to the understanding that Levi was not just ready to produce classic suits because of the affiliation of its tarnish identity and value with casual standardised clothes and its strong ties and origins to jeans related clothing. This in turn led to the marketing team to focus on jackets and trousers rather than suits so that it can first overcome its double for casual apparel.Actions The final step in the process for developing strategic elements for organisational plan involved the process of bringing all that planning and decision making to reality. The decision was made by levi to emphasise in the main on jackets and trousers in its refreshing made-to-order Classics line and so the initial idea of suits was dropped before the raw line was launched.The organisational plan developed by Levi in order to move into new-fashioned market segments, in general the higher priced clothing market when put into effect, showed signs of underperformance. This was mainly because of the decision to abandon the manufacturing of suits based on its acceptability test findings. Those findings convinced the marketers in Levi to accept that Levi was too closely associated with casual only wear and customers were not favourable of the idea of Levi producing classic natured suits of non standardised but custom shape and taste. It was later evident that Tailored Classics failed to achieve its sales targets in the consequent months after its launch.Strategic effects on an organisational planThe instruction execution process of the organisational plan drawn up by Levi involved implementing its various quantitative and behavorial reseach findings in its final execution of the organisational plan. This meant mo ving away from its initial decision to produce what the target customer segment wants and manufacturing jackets and trousers instead. The decision was made on the basis of accpetability test results. In order to overcome the underperformance of the Tailored Classics line in its inital few months prices were reduced to meet sales targets which failed critically. The effects of these on the stakeholders was reduced returns for the investors, and a lack of religion in the pits ability to cater to the custom independent classic demand andconseuquential underperformance of the brand hindering its brand expansion.Strategy to communicate organisational plans to cay stake holdersTo come up with an workable plan, the Levi public relations had to work through a sequence of steps.The first of such steps was setting out a communicating objective. Ideally, whatever the objective is , it is best effective if its specific, measurable,achievable and realistic. The communications objective for Le vi was to convey to the customer that levi is able to put forward a good suit when they put their mind to it despite its origins being in the jeans manufacturing industry and its erstwhile(prenominal) history of for the most part casual only clothes.Secondly The Levi staff had to come up with a key message to its stake holders. The most important stakeholders group, the consumers themselves were made aware of the message with the help of the name for the new line Tailored Classic. This conveyed the idea that Levi is engaging in the manufacturing of non standardised custom classic wear that were more tailored to the customers individual need.Having decided upon the overriding key message each seprate group of stakeholders were prioritised and a seperate key message was set for them in order to make sure that most of the stakeholders were addressed and no one felt left out despite the aim of targetting the new line at the higher prices market.Different communications tactics had to be developed for each of the stake holders groups, ranging from the consumer, the media, the investors and the donors and volunteers involved with Levi.Finally the budgets and responsibilities were decided upon by the Levi directors based on their surveys and were allocated amongst its dissimilar departments and staff.EvaluationFollowing all the steps regarding implementation of the strategic elements of the organisational plan and the process of communicating with the various stakeholders, Levi had to ensure that it was wrking to achieve the objective set. And depending on the results of the various surveys and research, beginning from the consumer behaviour patterns and spending habits, the analysis of its target customer segment and finally the acceptability test of its new line before its launch all in term one by one allowed levi to follow and change its key messages, communication tactics and finally its objectives. Ths led to the final decision to focus mostly on the jack ets and trousers market rather than the tailored suits market because of the lack of the consumer confidence in Levis ability to produce tailored suits that meets individual reuqirements. Overall the assessment and evaluation process contributed to a great uttermost in the final decision to introduce the new line in a much different form than intitally percieved.