Indigenous Children in America and Education: Child Rights

Indigenous youngsterren in the States and tuition tiddler RightsValeria Lozano Hernndez.For setoffers, the message of innate quite a little, for the UN, is the autochthonal mess that lived in a ship before someone else, and according to the Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Geografa (INEGI, 2010) an autochthonic mortal is defined by the style they speak, which takes step forward the another(prenominal)s aspects, the like identifying as autochthonic, or having autochthonal ancestors.The word 2 of the Mexi ignore Constitution differentiates that natural citizenry fool the right to self-determination, and the information of indigenous stack and communities is on the constitutions and laws of the federative entities and excessively indigenous community can decide on their owns economic, cultural, social and policy-making organizations tolerating their individual guarantees, human rights and the dignity and integrity of the womens (Secretara de Gobernacin, 19 17).For the sake of this judge, the meaning of indigenous is someone that identifies as one, that speaks one native language, has indigenous ancestors, and, as Martnez Cobo said (1981, in sterilise to bushelher Nations, 2013) the determination to preserve, develop and distri thoe to futures generations their territories and ethnic identity.The amount of indigenous people in the States has a high number, surrounded by North America, Central America and South America in that respect is approximately 552 indigenous groups across Latin America (UNICEF, 2016) and 39 million indigenous people in the continent (Programa Mxico Nacin Multicultural de la Universidad Autnoma de Mxico, 2014).To talk c slip to indigenous people in the continent its necessary to talk astir(predicate) the beginnings, for example, the Conquest of America, a piling of indigenous traditions were washed away, and America became a continent secure of diversity, integrated by mixed socialisation, races and tr aditions.The indigenous were mistreated by the colonizers, entirely they were treated as slaves or killed, only a some could survive, except s gutter, a lot of their traditions were erased or adapted to the new system. So thats the storey of how indigenous became a vulnerable group.The countries that will be discussed in this essay atomic number 18 USA, Canada, Mxico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Chile, Argentina and Latin America as a in each.The topic of discussion is about indigenous youngsterren living in America, in terms of learning, and how learning is related to human rights bodies. gentleman Rights BodiesHuman rights, to me, its a parameter that protects and enhance the human life qualities, also all human ar born equal and innocuous, so all humans atomic number 18 entitled to pass human rights.According to the Office of the United Nations gamey Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), human rights areInherent to all human beings, any(prenominal) our nationality, pl ace of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdep eradicateent and indivisible (OHCHR, 1948).I will use the Universal resolution of Human Rights, the Political Constitution of Mexico, the American Convention on Human Rights, the result of the United Nations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the human rights bodies and references.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the about substantial document in terms of Human Rights, was created right after the end of World War II, on December 10th 1948, and a frightful majority of the countries in the world signed the document. The background of the declaration was modelled on a few older documents, like the Habeas Corpus Act of England, the Magna Carta, the Declaration of Independence of USA, and the Declaration of Righ ts of Man and of the Citizen of France. The reason this document was created was so that the whole world had the same rights for the simple fact of being human, and since then, the declaration has been the most crucial declaration of Human Rights in the Planet, merely quiesce, a lot of countries breakt follow their procedures or respect the rights stated in there.EducationEducation is truly important, save unfortunately not every solid ground has the precession to educate the people that lives in there. Not only education provides people with general knowledge, it also improves people skills and attitudes to guide and control more of their lively circumstances. It also provides a set of values, customs, traditions and norms (Perrenoud, 1996).Schools also educates about the moral and honourable norms, emotions, social and cultural diversity.Entering a take aimdaysing is not the unwaveringly part for the indigenous clawren, the heavy(a)est part is staying in there, ac cording to Magaly Domnguez Lpez (Rubio-Campos, 2014), an educator for a civil organization that works with child workers, manifested that indigenous kids in San Cristbal de las Casas, Mxico that the entry and permanence in schools crosss difficult because ofEconomics reasons, such as work over education, even if the schools are free, they still give to pay for the uniforms, school supplies, which makes it expensive.Gender ine whole step, its preferred that male kids study till middle school and the female kids to primary school, because its expected that girls should get matrimonial and stay at home.Generational gap, the kids get through their parents educational levels and theres no more educational escort, they dont know how to help them. parentage registry, not every kid is in the civil registration, so legally they dont exist, they cant go to school and also deprives the kids of other rights, such as the right to an identity.Language, schools in San Cristbal de las Casas, teach in Spanish, and the grand majority speaks an indigenous lingo called tzotzil, so that causes troubles when it comes to learning and permanence in schools.For the mazahuas, also a Mexican native group, the child receives an education that makes him a member of his club and the community is obliged to provide him with a status in his anatomical structure and a place in the location of the resources (Robles, 2012). The name 19, The rights of the Child on the American Convention on Human Rights (1969), states that every minor child has the right to the measures of protection required by his condition as a minor on the part of his family, society and the state.Also, in Nicaragua, there is an educational lag, because the indigenous society faces more socioeconomics problems in comparison with the Nicaraguan cosmos (Yoshioka Esparza, 2009) which makes me think, why there is such a big difference between the non-indigenous kids and the indigenous kids, and the reason pot that is that during the colonization of America, indigenous and black people were slaves, and were considered to be beneath the other population, like the half-blooded and nobles so education wasnt a thing for them, because they were not allowed to fox one, this problem has persecuted the indigenous until this day, when their governments dont help them with the education, and schools taught in other language that its not the archetypal to them. In the same member, the author mentions that the mother education is a big chemical element regarding the life expectancy of their childrens and education, because shes the one that makes the decision about school.In Canada and the United State of America, the native people accentuate in community life, cooperation, collaboration and learning based on direct experience and participation in group activities (Pewewardy in Schugurensky, 2015).It is important that the kids feel part of the community, so in their early childhood they are taught and th ey are encouraged to get refer in community activities, learning thru the interaction between other kids and nature, assist the adults with work and community activities (Schuguresky, 2015). So that talks about on how the kids get involved and they feel theyre part of the community and theyre worth it, giving them a high sense of self-esteem, and also the work to keep their traditions, values and customs, by working with the community and other kids.Also in the USA and Canada, they were laborious to educate childrens and teenagers how to eat, because of the country amount of people with overw eighter and obese people, exclusively it wasnt successful (Araujo, Moraga, Chapman, Barreto Illanes, 2016) so in Central and South America, they are indigenous childrens starving and in North America, theyre too fat, which I found it sad, the line of work between countries and lifestyles.In Latin America, indigenous childrens school enrolment and the quality of the education has been impr oved over the last two decades, however still there is a lot of desertion and truancy in kids and teenagers, but mostly in the female population, and this population, after they get married, is the one that waistband at home with the kids, so the people that is best educated in terms of wellness and comestible take better care of themselves and their families, but because a high number of mothers are illiterate, a consequence of this is that their kids adjoin from undernourishment. different of the consequences of this, is that indigenous kids, in comparison with the rest of the population, have a higher risk of child mortality, poverty, malnutrition and hunger (Jimnez-Benftez, Rodrguez-Martn Jimnez-Rodrguez, 2010).In Chile, with the mapuches, education means cultural knowledge and school knowledge, but also implies the recognition of the importance of social and emotional norms that can differ with their finish in the intercultural relations (Riquelme, Quilaqueo, Quintriqueo Loncn, 2016).In relation with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, article 28, in which, the first statement talks about free education, and being metric with the give earance at schools, but in Mexico, is not like that, first of all, education it is free, but for all public schools is mandatory to wear an uniform, and if the students dont have the money to buy an uniform, they cannot enter the school until they get an uniform, so that violates their right to a free education, and the government does have a financial assistance, they give scholarships to the children to keep studying, but a lot of those childrens uses the money for stuff that are not school related or all his parents spend the money in other things. A lot of the children in Mexico, take leave secondary school because sometimes the only title they indigence for work is a primary school diploma, so that encourage teenagers and kids to leave school. I, once met a ten year old indigenous kid that worked deli vering food in his county, he had left school when he was eight because his mother told him so, and that education wasnt important.Also the fact that they teach in other language, so many of the children dont understand what the teachers say. The 7th article of La Ley General de Educacin says that every native speaker will have an access to an education in spanish and in their own language (SEGOB, 2013).In Mxico, education is a radical rights, and the 3rd article of the Mexican Constitution states that every person has the right to receive an education, and the state will provide free preschool, elementary, middle and high school, and that its required to have an education, so if the constitution says so, why theres a lot of kids dropping out of schools?Other fact that is being violated is section (e) of the 28th article on the childrens rights, the necessary measures are being taken, but none of them ensures the pauperization for children to continue to study in schools, they rat her leave school to sire working and make money to give to their families.Regarding the section 3 of article 28th, of promoting education and the elimination of ignorance and illiteracy, theres a hole in there, Latin America has 40 million illiterates according to the Sistema de Informacin de Tendencias Educativas en Amrica Latina (2013), so children leaving school at such young age concludes in a lot of illiterate adults.Other articles that talk about education, like the article 29 in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), and its very similar to article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), in which both establish that everyone has the right to education, education shall be free and enjoin to develop the childs personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential, and the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and promoting understanding, tolerance, friendship, respect for their own cultural i dentity, language and values.These articles talk about free education and not leaving aside the ethnicity and identity of children, but as already mentioned, schools only teach in the official language of the country and not in the native indigenous language, in addition in Chile, children are taught that there are more cultures and that they must(prenominal) learn about interculturality and other parts of the general culture of their country that differ with their culture, which is the arctic of what the previously mentioned articles affirm, these articles say that children will be taught to respect their own culture, but not needing to teach about it in schools, to me, that sounds like the culture of the non-indigenous people in Chile its more important than the indigenous.As mentioned supra in Latin America, education has improved and there is more school attendance by indigenous people, but there are many women who leave school because its a cultural thing, because in many cu ltures women must stay at home and take care of children and the home, and many of them start from childhood and that makes me think, because it is something cultural, should we respect their decision to leave school, or we should we do something for women to attend school? I know that is very important to respect the culture of the indigenous people, but education is also a very important issue, and more because in Latin America there are so many illiterate.In Argentina, according to an interview with Gabriela Novaro by Kelly Russo (2016), for indigenous kids or indigenous immigrants, they have to quit their indigenous heritage, so they can be someone new, ceasing to be what they are for real and become something else.Sometimes, they think of indigenous people as only traditional knowledge, they stereotype them, and they dont realize that they can add tradition or folklore in schools. So that means that kids get to study but they have to forget everything about their own identities .Other social issue regarding education, is kids dropping out of schools to start to work, abusing the article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.The article 14 of the Declaration of the United Nations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, states that all the children have the right to all levels and forms of education with no discrimination, and the indigenous people have the right to control all about their education, like systems and institutions and providing education in their own language (UN, 2007).Which makes sense to me, because theyre hard to keep the traditions and at the same time integrate the indigenous people.ConclusionsTo me, indigenous people are very important, Ive been working with them for geezerhood, I did four years of volunteer work with indigenous purpechas children, and to have this kind of interaction with them, I could see how their organizations worked, which were their traditions, but at the same time I had the luck to see the bad stuff tha t happen with indigenous, the kids do attend school, but a lot of them told me that the teachers sometimes didnt showed up to the classes, or that they didnt do anything for days, but the vast majority of the kids that I met, they loved going to school, and the idea to go to college and became a teacher or doctor.It is an alarming fact that kids dont go to school because its expensive, or because they have to work to help with their family income, or because they dont understand what the teachers are saying in class, when supposedly they should have the classes in their own native language.Its alarming to me how a whole continent can have all of this problems, when a big part of the population is indigenous or native, they were there first, and now were washing or ignoring their traditions and costums. Still, education has improved the last few years, which is a good thing, but there is still a ample way to get better education for indigenous children.So I guess to improve this, th e governments of the countries should help the children with the materials and uniforms for the school, and Human Rights bodies and organizations should keep an eye to this. Also, I found very important to have an inclusive education, that every school should teach about indigenous heritage and traditions, I know that its hard because theres a lot of indigenous groups across the continent, but at least we can acknowledge them in school.The document about indigenous people written by the United Nations, has a lot of similar articles to the second article of the Mexican Constitution, in which, both states, that indigenous people are free to educate their children the way they want it, which makes me think, in how that could be a better option, because their families will taught them about traditions, values and community life, without leaving shtup everything that represents them, and in school, they leave behind that, I mean, its a conflict of interest, because we want them to have a normal public education, but we leave behind everything that they are, and if they leave everything theyre behind, they will become part of the society, but they will lose all that heritage and traditions.Its nothing new to talk about child obesity in the USA, kids learn from their parents Ive been in the USA many times, and Ive seen how the americans eat, they have this fast-food culture, and the kids pick up that culture, theres a lot of children in the USA dealings with diabetes, and that has a lot to do with education, because parents and schools are teaching their childrens how to eat and the nutrition of the kids is very important, because it can have a lot of repercussions in their health in their adult life.