Fantastic Literature Essay

Fantasy is a product of our subconscious chapiteritulums. secure similar the stories of the past, marvelous literature tries to submit its mess jump ons with an indirectly way for make an imp recreate to our subconscious minds. In early(a) words, Fantastic literature is a genre of fiction that uses imagination, magic, supernatural elements such as ghosts, harpies, trolls, mermaids, nymphs, vampires, centaurs, personifications, each(prenominal)egories and unrealistic elements as its primary plot element, radical or setting. gentlemany an(prenominal) fantastic plant includes an imaginary world where magic and fantastic creatures argon common. The best cognise and successful English black market for the genre is J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the peal triology. But on that point argon lots of successful workings and n iodined w eucharistrs of the genre such as Dante Alighieris The Divine Comedy, Stephen Kings The Dark Tower, George R.R. Martins A Song of Ice and Fire , J.K. Rowlings chevvy Potter and H.P. Lovecrafts foolion of stories to the highest degree Cthulhu Mythos. The fantastic literature starts with the stratum epoch stories in childhood such as queer storeys or kindred recitals to give instructions. We potentiometer speculate, it has a special sympathetic to children because of its didactical nature for giving moral lessons. Moreover, the children be too unripe to dwell the difference between real and the fantasy.Much of these folk tales comes from the times of in-between Ages where the p pleach report cardtelling has an importance. This importance compoundd by the time due to technological advancements because rational reach decreased the amount of these stories. It happens to everyone when you grow up, the advancement of rational progress can decrease your superstitious beliefs and imagination. But using the in-between bestride as setting, establishes a perfect base for fantastic stories because of the lack of te chnology, authoritative thoughts and the importance of horizontal surfacetelling. Therefore correct in our time, the fantastic works uses the middle age as its setting and much of the works in fantastic literature takes place in Middle age. When we come to its origin, in Hesperian culture, the origin of the fantastic literature depends on the mythic stories. But if we specifically give a document appellation for the genre, then we can say its origin comes from the stories of Homer The Iliad and The Odyssey. In eastern culture, this origin comes from Arabian Nights. The iliad and odyssey gives us the definition of the genre in the first place because of its contents.In facial expression of Odyssesy, it includes gods, monsters such as centaurs, Cyclops or witches and wizards. And in that respect is excessively a hobby in the composition as its plot. Odysseus tries to return to his bag at Ithaca still he is not allowed by Posei take because of his insults such as sidesplit ting his cyclop son and claiming that he won the troy with provided his throw mind tricks. It is quiet similar to the stories of the Arthurian Romance such as Sir Gawain and the kB K nighttime because of their usage of quest as framework. Same social occasion is in use in the case of LOTR. As a characteristic of the genre, thither is always a quest in a fantastic work. Many of them include a military personnel shape as their setting look equivalent Middle ages because it is easy to create stories when you created the universe. There are also just about common roots of the genre such as Good vs. Evil, Deceived stares, ma poof a sacrifice for saving the earth, journey to unknown etc.. All of these elements are in Fantastic literature to give lessons. The sign of a Fantastic work is the inclusion of fantastic elements, a self-coherent setting as a universe to take place in and the inspirations from the mythology or folk stories.It gives a exemption of expression to author for apologizeing a rational sense within a supernatural framework. Therefore it may confuse the reader however in that respect is always a message in these fantastic stories. It starts with the fairy tales in childhood. Fairy tale Fairy tales a stories that contains a message and has an appealing to children for giving instructions with an indirectly style and by wake moral with with(predicate) the tier. Fairy tales aims to give moral lessons to its audience. Therefore, it is the first tutor of the mankind. They may include elves, dwarves, fairies, giants, ogres, trolls, goblins, mermaids, witches and wizards. There is always an adventure or a quest in these stories. But they are different than the legends in essence because there may be a truth buns the legends. Ancient Greeks are often accepted the legends as real events and told their stories for centuries but they didnt the analogous involvement for the folk tales. There is always a certain mock up in these fairy tales, all of them starts with same word Once upon a time for implying that the story takes place in an unknown time.There is also a happy conclusion at the end of these stories such as they lived happily ever afterwards(prenominal). They can be found in oral or literary stratum but it is hard to quality their origins. Many of them may start in different cultures with variations. Much of them appeals to bigs but they are often associatedwith children. There are some collectors of these folktales such as Grimm Brothers and Charles Perrault. kinspersonlorists have classified the fairy tales with various ways. Among them Vlademir Propp is one of the most historied with his Morphology of the Tale. Vladamir Propp was a Russian folklorist scholar who analyzed the framework of Russian folk tale and published his analysis with reference of Morphology of the folk tale in 1928. In his work, he divided fairy tale into sections and through and through these sections he tried to define the s eries of sequences within a fairy tale. To him, a fairy tale usually starts with an initial situation. And dependable after that there are 31 different sequences with different functions. He utilize this method to analyze the frame work of the Russian folk tales.Propps morphology is an exemplar for the analysis. In this type, the structural organization of a folkloristic text follows a chronological ordain as linear. Therefore, we can see if the tale has all of these elements from A to Z. Also we can give a name to those sequences. A tale usually starts with an initial situation such as with the enumeration of the family or the brief introduction of the genius. And after this point there are 31 sequences. Absentation In this part, a process of the family leaves the home such as a prince may leave home to go for a journey by leaving his wife back. This absentation can also be someones termination or going for a walk, fishing..Interdiction In this point, the instruction comes to the gun for hire such as move intot revision your way, dont prattle with stranger, take care of your undersize blood brother to preparing a base for the further calamity. Violation A counter perform happens against to interdict such as hero often violates this limitation and leaves the right way, talks with strangers. At this point a wise person enters the story. And it could be a dragon, beast, witch or a gait produce as a baddie.reconnaissance Villain makes an attempt to find something. Villain is in chase of something important or information such as the location of the children, wolfs aim to find the goal of Little Red crownwork by questioning her. Delivery Villain receives a directly information to his questions. The wolf learns the set up of the gran. Trick The villain makes a persuasion. It is an attempt to trick his victim in order to take possession for his victim. Dragon turns into a lucky goat, the witch turns into an old beggar and tries to give poiso nous orchard apple tree, wolf tries to act like grandmother by wearing her clothes. Complicity The victim accepts the deception and helpshis opponent without knowing. Princess accepts the apple, The wolf acts like grandmother and little red cap could not recognize it. Villainy or lack of something The villain causes harm or injury such as princess go into a sleep after taking a bite from the apple, the wolf devours the little red cap as a result of violation of the interdiction.One member of the family is in lack of something or desires to have something. The Prince intends to search for his bride, A magical agentive role is needed to wake someone up, huntsman tries to find a objective Mediation the hero enters into tale with a quest or he is dispatched. The prince appears and decides to go for a journey to the tower of sleeping beauty, the huntsman appear hearing the snores of the wolf by thinking that there must be something wrong. Beginning counteraction The hero sees the situ ation and decides to do something, the huntsman sees the swell up of the wolf and thinks that he devoured them, the prince hears the story of sleeping beauty. Departure the hero leaves home to make a counterattack.First function of the giver A conferrer appears and meets with the hero or greets him for testing him to give some kind of a magical agent. The heros reaction hero gives an answer to donor such as making a help to him, showing mercy, completes a service, learns some tactics, The hero receives the magical agent he receives some kind of a occasion to defeat to evil. The transference between deuce kingdoms The hero is transferred from one place to another to whereabouts an object or search. The hero go through air on a bird, or travels on a boat. Struggle The hero and the villain fights to take off something for themselves. Branded the hero receives a wound during the fight.Victory the villain is beaten during the open battle or loses the game of cards. Liquidation The i nitial misfortune resolved, spell casts off, captives freed Return the hero returns to his homePursuit The some kind of evil pursues the hero and tries to pop him Rescue the hero is rescued from the pursuit, an obstacle may delay the pursuer, the hero hides or neverthelesss his flavor from the pursuer. Unrecognized arrival hero returns his home but no one recognizes him just like in the case ofOdysseus. absurd claims A false hero appears and presents unfounded claims. DIFFICULT TASK voiceless task proposed to the hero (trial by ordeal, riddles, test of strength/endurance, other tasks) consequence Task is resolvedRECOGNITION Hero is recognized (by mark, brand, or thing given to him/her) EXPOSURE False hero or villain is candidTRANSFIGURATION Hero is given a new appearance (is do whole, handsome, new garments etc.) PUNISHMENT Villain is punishedWEDDING Hero marries and ascends the stern (is rewarded/promoted). Grimm Brothers were two unusual German scholars, linguists, academ icians and great philologists that lived in the 19th century. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were two brothers and these brothers were nationalists and intended to collect the old Germanic stories and publish them to show the catholicity of German language. They were very interested with the Germanic folklore tales and dedicated rest of their lives to collect these tales.Therefore they collected stories and folk tales from the country and translateed a excellent form of national literature and culture. They established a kind of methodology for recording and collecting these folk tales and later on it became a cornerstone for the folklore studies. They published their first collection of Germanic stories, and folk tales in 1812 with the name of Childrens and Housholde Tales. Their stories, includes the all details of German language and Germanic ethnic identity. Their works translated into more than 100 languages. The most important and famous stories of them are Rapunzel, The Snow f air, Hansel and Gretel, Cinderella, The Frog Prince and Little Red Cap. Little Red CapLittle red cap is a Germanic folk tale that published by Grimm brothers in their story collection known as Childrens and family Tales in 1812. It is the 26t1h story of this story collection. It tells the story of a sweet but not obedience girl known as little red cap because of her famous Red Hood. But behind the background of the story, it is a story about grow up by leaving the nave thoughts behind. It is a story that questions the curiosity of the children and urges them to leave these thoughts and get ripe by following rules. By using the big hard wolf as a villain, it givesus a message that dont be so nave, these fine gentlemen are cipher but greedy wolfs and they are so hungry for using your naiveness for their own agitateual purposes. So, follow your rules and dont ever change your way.It can be interpreted as a moral tale, to give a message such as dont talk with sexual predators. af terwards the brief presentation of the characters, the story starts with an absentation in which the grandmother is sick. So her mother gives her a bucket and says bring this to grandma and dont leave the path or you might break the glass. This is our interdiction and our quest. But she doesnt listen to her mother, a counter action (violation) happens against to interdiction and wolf makes an entrance to story. The wolf questions the little red cap, this is our reconnaissance. And she answers all its questions with a naivety and describes the way that goes to her grandma. (delivery). The wolf goes there devours grandma and takes place of her (trick). She comes to house and accepts its trick without knowing what it is (complicity).And wolf devours her as result of her wrong actions (Villainy harm). nearly adaptations of the story like Charles Perrault magnetic variation ends in here but Grimm version continues. The huntsman makes an entrance to story (mediation). And he decides to free grandma and little red cap(beginning of counter reaction). He cuts the bell of wolf with a cut and saves them both. This is the rebirth of Little red cap as a mature (Struggle, branding, victory, liquidation ). In any case, it is a story of puberty rite in which the red cap born again as an adult charr and learns how to act against to odds. After that point she doesnt cares about the other childish things. The advancement of her rational progress is ending her childhood.The Frog King- exhort HeinrichThe toad frog king is the first story of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm which they published it in their folk tale collection known as Children and Household Tales. The frog king is all about the glimmers of emotional spirit where they are developing in the first place, the childhood. It is story about sexual awakening in sympathetic beings, its acceptance and maturation process in human beings. There are some signs in the story such as the frog, the princess and the Golden ball. Th e frog is the symbol of production and fertility and it is connected with witchcraft. Princess is the symbol of purified aspect of human soul and the gilt ball is the symbol of perfection. The princesin this story, is so beautiful, even more beautiful than sun that is explains her relationship and her desires towards to golden ball. When she lost the ball, she grieves at not only her ball but also grieves over her neediness of innocence. She thinks that she will not be the whole again.But the only thing that can make her whole again is an loathsome frog. She likes herself and this situation represents her egotistic psyche. In the story, the princess increasingly becomes more anxious, angry and full of fear with the conceit of following with a frog. She is not yet ready for the coupling. As the frog comes side by side(predicate) to her, she becomes more disgusted. This is also gives us her idea about awakening of sex throughout the puberty. But actually she becomes more a pers on age the frog comes closer to her. The father in this story is responsible for the marriage of the princess and he commands her to keep her word. Her actions are all under her id and there is a need for the development of super ego in her personality.Therefore, the responsible sense of right and wrong of King helps to development of superego in childs mind for delivery happiness, sleep with and marriage to her life history. And to become whole again, she finally decides to throw it against to environ by taking all the risks to gain her independence. This moment of violence is a painful experience but it is necessary. By doing so, she transcends her anxiety and hatred into a admire. She becomes more a person by developing identity and her ugly frog turns into a handsome prince in her eyes.Snow WhiteThe story of Snow uncontaminating is a Germanic Folktale that published in 1812 by Grimm brothers in their Collection of stories known as Childrens and Household Tales as the 53r d story. It is a story about the cycle of life as can be seen from the color symbolism of the story. But it also increases the theme of maturation process of a girl through some tests. It is a very common theme which can be found in the stories of Grimm brothers maybe because of the fact that their informants were woman or to put an emphasis on marriage for representing its importance in a feudal and patriarchal German society. Who knows? Anyway most of their stories are including these themes of Marriage, maturation, loss of innocence, growing up and including these damsels in distress as main characters. And in most of their stories the true love comes after the defeat of self-love as reward of maturation. Story starts with a queens wish to have a baby like white as snow, red asblood and black as wood.It is a kind of symbolism of life that represents the natural cycle of life in which after every death a life starts to its lifetime. As a result snow white represents this natural c ycle, she is the personification of this cycle. As soon as she born, her mother dies in order to give a birth to her. And that is also another emphasis that given to represent this cycle. After this point her uninvolved king father marries with another woman who is wicked. The unconcerned personality of King, although there is no king in the story, represents the feudal European perspective of seeing women as object. The personality of stepmother is another issue she is the personification of immatureness. It is clear that she has failed in her personality development to have an identity. Therefore, she has only the expedience just like the princess in The Frog King or weight-lift Heinrich. Therefore she plays her role to prevent Snow White for stretchiness her age because of her envy, pride and hatred.She orders to huntsman to eradicate her but he spares instead of killing her. He spares her because of potential emplacement as a woman and bringer of new life. Therefore, the existence of huntsman also is a foreshadowing for the union of the icy forces such as man and woman. In the story she deceives Snow White for three times and each times represents another aspect of life just like the color symbolism. In the first with a lace to prevent breath (White) which represents the spiritual matureness, siemens with a comb (Black) to represent the physical matureness and in the last with a red apple (red) to represent death or blood for establishing a basis for the death of childhood and the rebirth of as mature woman. Sleeping in a glass coffin also supports this idea of rebirth as a mature woman.Glass coffin represents the being in a womans womb. In essence, the witchcraft of queen was nothing but a test. After completing all these tests she becomes a mature woman and young prince appears as a reward. She marries with him. Therefore, completing these tests is essential in human life and story tries to put an emphasis especially to this aspect of life. The real love comes with maturation and with the sacrifice of childhood, it is necessary to get a real identity. And the time of union puts an end to the efforts of retarding powers with the hot iron shoes. The queen dies as saltation for celebrating the rhythmic cycle of life and death. All in all, Snow white is a story that explains the nature of creation, how something new comes into being through the repetition of same cycle of transformation which is necessary in a tralatitious society.CinderellaThe story of Cinderella is a European folk tale which published in 1812 by Grimm Brothers as the 21st story in their collection of Folk tales known as Childrens and Household Tales. It was also published by Charles Perrault in 1697. The Grimm version of the story is a dark version because it doesnt include a fairy mother, pumpkin that turns into a carriage, animals that turns into henchmen. In Grimm version there is a Grant tree and talking pigeons. There is gentleness in Perraults story for stepsisters but Grimm version there is a punishment for sisters in which stepsisters are blinded by pigeons. It is a story about an orphaned girl and it focusses on her rising into higher status and redeeming with happiness through hard work, suffer and marriage. Then again, the story gives us the patriarchal perspective of marriage and its importance by showing a low girls struggling for rising into power and changing her status within this hierarchical society. The story can be interpreted from so many perspectives such as sociological, Freudian, feminism. But its theme is simple, young women can be saved by wealthy men.The golden slipper in the story stands there as a symbol of perfectness or perfect life. The story narrates the recovery process of a poor girls after an early wound such as loss of her mother. It is a process of persons redeem and reaching happiness through hard working. Therefor the story represents a persons search for identity and self-esteem. The tale ope ns with an initial situation and the floor of characters as usual but then suddenly a member of the family leaves the family as it happened in the case of mother. Interdiction also comes in this moment, the mother tells her daughter right before her death, remain pious and ethical only then our dear god will protect you. After a time later, her ignorant father marries again and evil stepmother and stepsisters appears as villain to start their devilish deeds. She loses her social status and starts to live her life as a maid in the kitchen. Throughout the story she keeps her dignity against to all evil deeds of the sisters and as a result her donor appears in the form of pigeons and grant tree. The donor offers her dreams to her and also through these it tries to test her. last she passes all her tests by remaining pious and takes care of the wickedstep family. As a result, her metrical unit fits to slippery shoe as an bod of perfectness.The story ends with a happy ending. There are different explanations of the story. We can think the slippery as the woman and we can think the foot as the man and their union as the perfect union of man and woman. From this point of view, story is about a womans search for sexual fulfillment. We can also look at it with a sociological perspective. Then we can say, it is about a womans repugn for rising into power within a patriarchal society through marriage. Prince choses Cinderella because her foots are tiny magic spell sisters not. Her foots are tiny because she is coming from an stop number class unlike them, but she loses her social status. In the end of the story, she manages to fill in her social status through marriage and redeems with life. It is also a good role model for feminism for showing how young girls and women should not be.Cinderella is a kind, pious and passive girl. She cant make stand for herself. She is hold a prince for herself to rescue her from the misery and all of her actions are against to feminist ideas. modern-day woman is expected to be more assertive in order to survive in the world but she cant. Instead of that she is acting more pious by thinking that her dignity will save her. And this situation is giving us a sociological insight about the feudal European society.Enter SandmanErnst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann was a German Romantic writer, critic, actor and composer who opened his eyes to earth in 1776. He was famous with his works of horror and fantasy fiction. He is the author of The Nutcracker and the Mouse King, on which famous The Nutcracker ballet based. In 1816, he composed one of his fantastic, horror stories which known as The Sandman and published it in 1817 within slight story collection, known as The Night Pieces. The sandman is story about a childhood trauma that in the form of letters. It starts a bizarre and fearful childhood story about a creature known as Sandman. The first letter is from Nathanael to Lothar. According to Nathanael, The sandm an is a creature of night who is visit unsleeping children and bleeding them with his sands to steal their eyes for feeding his own children on the moon. Scary isnt it? This story becomes an obsession for him. And one night he plans to spy it and hides himself to his fathers room. In there he sees Coppelius, a lawyer and one of his fathers associates and he catches him and desires to char his eyes. But his fatherstands against for him. Nathanael becomes ill and his father dies after a while in an experiment while working with Coppelius. The Coppelius disappears. Nathanael becomes a student and meets with an lens maker known as Coppola and buys a Spy-glass from him.Through this spy-glass he sees capital of Washington, an automaton created by Spalanzani and Coppola. And he loves this automaton unreasonably. But two men falls into an business and Coppolla takes the eyes of automaton and throws them to Nathanael. This event reminds Nathanael the argument between his father and Coppeli us. And Nathanael falls into a state of sanity. After recovering his mind, he goes directly to Clara to marry with her. While spending time with her, he suddenly sees Coppelius and goes insane. He tries to kill clara, but her brother saves him. Unfortunately he jumps off from the tower and dies. The preternatural is a concept in human psychology that means something crotchety familiar and not familiar at the same time. Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who wrote about this concept in his The Uncanny and published it in 1919. He tried to analyze this concept by using Hoffmanns The Sandman because of its wondrous content. According the Freud, the unearthly is the mark of the returning repressed memory. For Freud, the reason of the uncanny in this story is the fear of losing eyes.He associates the idea of losing eyes with the fear of castration and he suggests the story of Oedipus as his example. He argued that the most enamour punishment of Oedipus crimes was the castrati on yet this showed on the stage in the form of losing eyes. Coppelius is Nathanaels hatred against of his father for his castration and he interferes his all relationships which he both loves and hates. After this bad experience, he represses all his bad memories and forgets what happened in the past. With the reanimation of first shocking scene (losing of ones eyes) in the second scene, he once again remembers everything but also loses his mind. This is the uncanny of the story which reminds his past. Coppola and Spalanzini are nothing but the representation of his fathers sides and Olympia which they made together is the personification of Nathaniels feminine attitude towards his father in his infancy.It is his doppelganger. That is why Nathaniel confronts Olympia as a person and loves it with a narcissistic kind of senseless love. It is a natural situation which he created after his castration because of being unable to love. As a result, he realizes this truth with the reappeara nce of Coppeliusonce again while looking through the spy-glass. Looking through the glass is a kind of rationalization process. Nathaniel tries to explain all these events with the imagination until his usage of glass. And in each time when he use it, he loses his mind because of confronting with the sober truth.